Class <<FeatureType>> Fold (extends GeologicStructure)

One or more systematically curved layers, surfaces, or lines in a rock body. Fold denotes a structure formed by the deformation of a GeologicStructure to form a structure that may be described by the translation of an abstract line (the fold axis) parallel to itself along some curvilinear path (the fold profile). Folds have a hinge zone (zone of maximum curvature along the surface) and limbs (parts of the deformed surface not in the hinge zone). Folds are described by an axial surface, hinge line , profile geometry, the solid angle between the limbs, and the relationships between adjacent folded surfaces if the folded structure is a Layering fabric (similar, parallel).

Local Subclasses: (none)

Attributes

Name Type Bounds From Class Notes
observationMethod CGI_TermValue 1..* GeologicFeature Term(s) that specify the method by which the values for the GeologicFeature were obtained (e.g. point count, brunton compass on site, air photo interpretation, field observation, hand specimen, laboratory, aerial photography, creative imagination...). This corresponds (loosely) to ISO19115 Lineage.

Statement specifies the method that was used to identify the MappedFeature. Examples: .
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 2
purpose DescriptionPurpose 1..1 GeologicFeature Specification of the intended purpose/level of abstraction for a given feature or object instance. Scoped name because intention is asserted by author of the data instance. Values: Instance, TypicalNorm, IdentifyingNorm.
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 3
amplitude CGI_Numeric 0..1 Fold length from line segment connecting inflection points on adjacent fold limbs to the intervening fold hinge
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 2
axialSurfaceOrientation CGI_PlanarOrientation 0..1 Fold This is used to characterize the geometry of a fold. The axial surface of a particular fold may be located based on observations of the folded geologic structure, but in general it has no direct physical manifestions. As a geologic surface, it has geometric properties, including orientation, which may be specified by observations at one or more locations, or generalized using terminology (upright, inclined, reclined, recumbent, overturned). Dip and Dip Direction are one approach to specifying the value.
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 3
geneticModel CGI_TermValue 0..1 Fold Specification of genetic model for fold, e.g. flexural slip, parallel
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 4
hingeLineCurvature CGI_TermValue 0..1 Fold variation in orientation of fold hinge along trend of fold, distinguish sheath from cylindrical folds. Specify with terminology eg sheath, dome, basin, cylindrical.
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 5
hingeLineOrientation CGI_LinearOrientation 0..1 Fold Specification of hinge line orientation for fold. CGI_LinearOrientation allows for a term value specification or a numeric specification of either or both the trend and plunge of hinge line. kHinge plunge term examples: sub-vertical, steeply plunging, ... sub-horizontal, reclined and vertical for special cases in which hinge plunge is close to axial surface dip. 0..* cardinality allows for both a numeric specification a term specification.
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 6
hingeShape CGI_TermValue 0..1 Fold rounded vs. angular hinge zones; has to do with proprotion of wavelength that is considered part of hinge
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 7
interLimbAngle CGI_Term 0..1 Fold specify using angular quantity, or with tightness term (gentle (120-180), open (70-120), close (30-70), tight (10-30), isoclinal (0-10))
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 8
limbShape CGI_TermValue 0..1 Fold straight vs curved limbs, eg kink, chevron, sinusoidal, box
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 9
profileType CGI_TermValue 0..1 Fold Terminology specifying concave/convex geometry of fold relative to earth surface, and relationship to younging direction in folded strata if known. antiform, synform, neutral, anticline, syncline, monocline, ptygmatic
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 10
span CGI_Numeric 0..1 Fold linear distance between inflection points in a single fold
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 11
symmetry CGI_TermValue 0..1 Fold concordance or discordance of bisecting surface and axial surface, or ratio of length of limbs. Folded surface may have asymmetry defined by limb length ratio if inflection points are defined. Defintion based on bisecting surface/axial surface angle depends on having multiple surfaces defined such that the axial surface may be identified. (symmetric, assymetric)
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 12
 

Outbound Associations

Name Type Multiplicity From Class Notes
occurrence MappedFeature 0..* GeologicFeature Points to any number of mapped features which are occurrences of the geologic feature. Mapped features may all be from a single map or from several maps.
Association tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 4
preferredAge GeologicEvent 0..1 GeologicFeature Specifies the geologic event that the data supplier considers the 'preferred' event age and event process for that feature.
This is the age and process of the feature that would be commonly shown on a geologic map (eg deposition age, peak temperature age, intrusion age).
Normative geologic unit descriptions are expected to include an age specification whenever the age is constrained--even if the range is very large (e.g. Phanerozoic....).
Association tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 5
geologicHistory GeologicEvent 0..* GeologicFeature A sequence of GeologicEvents with role geologicHistory allow describing the Genesis of the GeologicFeature. In future versions of GeoSciML this sequence should be ordered.
Association tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 6
targetLink GeologicFeatureRelation 0..* GeologicFeature Specifies the GeologicFeatureRelation that links the 'source' GeologicFeature to the 'target' GeologicFeature.
Association tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 8
metadata MD_Metadata 0..1 GeologicFeature feature level metadata associated with the GeologicFeature
Association tagged values
Tag Value
inlineOrByReference byReference
sequenceNumber 10
 

Constraints

Constraint Type Status Weight
 

Tagged values

Tag Value Notes
byValuePropertyType false Values: true,false
Default: false
Description: enforce the 'by value' property pattern without xl
hasXmlLang false Values: true | false
Default: false
Description: axml attribute xml:lang shall be generated for the type representing the class
isCollection false Values: true,false
Default: false
Description: attribute group gml:AggregationAttributeGroup is a
noPropertyType false Values: true,false
Default: false
Description: suppress automatic creation of *PropertyType compl
 

GML-conformant XML Implementation Details

<xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Fold" substitutionGroup="gsml:GeologicStructure" type="gsml:FoldType">
    <xs:annotation>
        <xs:documentation>One or more systematically curved layers, surfaces, or lines in a rock body. Fold denotes a structure formed by the deformation of a GeologicStructure to form a structure that may be described by the translation of an abstract line (the fold axis) parallel to itself along some curvilinear path (the fold profile).  Folds have a hinge zone (zone of maximum curvature along the surface) and limbs (parts of the deformed surface not in the hinge zone).  Folds are described by an axial surface, hinge line , profile geometry, the solid angle between the limbs, and the relationships between adjacent folded surfaces if the folded structure is a Layering fabric (similar, parallel).</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
</xs:element>
<xs:complexType xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="FoldType">
    <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:extension base="gsml:GeologicStructureType">
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="amplitude" type="gsml:CGI_NumericPropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>length from line segment connecting inflection points on adjacent fold limbs to the intervening fold hinge</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="axialSurfaceOrientation" type="gsml:CGI_PlanarOrientationPropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>This is used to characterize the geometry of a fold. The axial surface of a particular fold may be located based on observations of the folded geologic structure, but in general it has no direct physical manifestions. As a geologic surface, it has geometric properties, including orientation, which may be specified by observations at one or more locations, or generalized using terminology (upright, inclined, reclined, recumbent, overturned). Dip and Dip Direction are one approach to specifying the value.</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="geneticModel" type="gsml:CGI_TermValuePropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>Specification of genetic model for fold, e.g. flexural slip, parallel</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="hingeLineCurvature" type="gsml:CGI_TermValuePropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>variation in orientation of fold hinge along trend of fold, distinguish sheath from cylindrical folds. Specify with terminology eg sheath, dome, basin, cylindrical.</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="hingeLineOrientation" type="gsml:CGI_LinearOrientationPropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>Specification of hinge line orientation for fold.  CGI_LinearOrientation allows for a term value specification or a numeric specification of either or both the trend and plunge of hinge line. kHinge plunge term examples: sub-vertical, steeply plunging, ... sub-horizontal, reclined and vertical for special cases in which hinge plunge is close to axial surface dip. 0..* cardinality allows for both a numeric specification a term specification.</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="hingeShape" type="gsml:CGI_TermValuePropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>rounded vs. angular hinge zones; has to do with proprotion of wavelength that is considered part of hinge</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="interLimbAngle" type="gsml:CGI_TermPropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>specify using angular quantity, or with tightness term (gentle (120-180), open (70-120), close (30-70), tight (10-30), isoclinal (0-10))</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="limbShape" type="gsml:CGI_TermValuePropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>straight vs curved limbs, eg kink, chevron, sinusoidal, box</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="profileType" type="gsml:CGI_TermValuePropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>Terminology specifying concave/convex geometry of fold relative to earth surface, and relationship to younging direction in folded strata if known. antiform, synform, neutral, anticline, syncline, monocline, ptygmatic</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="span" type="gsml:CGI_NumericPropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>linear distance between inflection points in a single fold</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0" name="symmetry" type="gsml:CGI_TermValuePropertyType">
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation>concordance or discordance of bisecting surface and axial surface, or ratio of length of limbs. Folded surface may have asymmetry defined by limb length ratio if inflection points are defined. Defintion based on bisecting surface/axial surface angle depends on having multiple surfaces defined such that the axial surface may be identified. (symmetric, assymetric)</xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                </xs:element>
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="FoldPropertyType">
    <xs:sequence minOccurs="0">
        <xs:element ref="gsml:Fold"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="gml:AssociationAttributeGroup"/>
</xs:complexType>