Class <<FeatureType>> Fold (extends GeologicStructure )

One or more systematically curved layers, surfaces, or lines in a rock body. Fold denotes a structure formed by the deformation of a GeologicStructure to form a structure that may be described by the translation of an abstract line (the fold axis) parallel to itself along some curvilinear path (the fold profile). Folds have a hinge zone (zone of maximum curvature along the surface) and limbs (parts of the deformed surface not in the hinge zone). Folds are described by an axial surface, hinge line , profile geometry, the solid angle between the limbs, and the relationships between adjacent folded surfaces if the folded structure is a Layering fabric (similar, parallel).

Local Subclasses: (none)

Attributes

Name Type Bounds From Class Notes
observationMethod Category 1..* GeologicFeature Feature ObservationMethod specifies the approach to acquiring the collection of attribute values that constitute an individual feature instance (e.g. point count, brunton compass on site, air photo interpretation, field observation, hand specimen, laboratory, aerial photography, creative imagination). ObservationMethod is a convenience property that provides a quick and dirty approach to observation metadata when data are reported using a feature view (as opposed to observation view). For a borehole, the GeologicFeature observation method specifies how the geologic properties were determined (eg, visual observation, or standard AzGS logging procedure (described in detail somewhere else)). This property corresponds (loosely) to ISO19115 Lineage.
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 1
nillable True
purpose DescriptionPurpose 1..1 GeologicFeature Specification of the intended purpose/level of abstraction for a given feature or object instance. Scoped name because intention is asserted by author of the data instance. Values are: instance, typicalNorm, definingNorm.
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 2
profileType FoldProfileTypeTerm 1..1 Fold Terminology specifying concave/convex geometry of fold relative to earth surface, and relationship to younging direction in folded strata if known. (eg; antiform, synform, neutral, anticline, syncline, monocline, ptygmatic)
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
nillable True
inlineOrByReference byReference
sequenceNumber 1
amplitude QuantityRange 1..1 Fold length from line segment connecting inflection points on adjacent fold limbs to the intervening fold hinge
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 2
nillable True
axialSurfaceOrientation CGI_PlanarOrientation 1..1 Fold This is used to characterize the geometry of a fold. The axial surface of a particular fold may be located based on observations of the folded geologic structure, but in general it has no direct physical manifestions. As a geologic surface, it has geometric properties, including orientation, which may be specified by observations at one or more locations, or generalized using terminology (upright, inclined, reclined, recumbent, overturned). Dip and Dip Direction are one approach to specifying the value.
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 3
nillable True
geneticModel Category 1..1 Fold Specification of genetic model for fold, e.g. flexural slip, parallel
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 4
nillable True
hingeLineCurvature Category 1..1 Fold variation in orientation of fold hinge along trend of fold, distinguish sheath from cylindrical folds. Specify with terminology eg sheath, dome, basin, cylindrical.
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 5
nillable True
hingeLineOrientation CGI_LinearOrientation 1..1 Fold Specification of hinge line orientation for fold. CGI_LinearOrientation allows for a term value specification or a numeric specification of either or both the trend and plunge of hinge line. kHinge plunge term examples: sub-vertical, steeply plunging, ... sub-horizontal, reclined and vertical for special cases in which hinge plunge is close to axial surface dip. 0..* cardinality allows for both a numeric specification a term specification.
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 6
nillable True
hingeShape Category 1..1 Fold Rounded vs. angular hinge zones; has to do with the proportion of the wavelength that is considered part of hinge
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
nillable True
sequenceNumber 7
interLimbAngle Category 1..1 Fold Specify using a tightness term (gentle (120-180), open (70-120), close (30-70), tight (10-30), isoclinal (0-10))
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 8
nillable True
limbShape Category 1..1 Fold straight vs curved limbs, eg kink, chevron, sinusoidal, box
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 9
nillable True
span QuantityRange 1..1 Fold linear distance between inflection points in a single fold
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 10
nillable True
symmetry Category 1..1 Fold Concordance or discordance of bisecting surface and axial surface, or ratio of length of limbs. Folded surface may have asymmetry defined by limb length ratio if inflection points are defined. Defintion based on bisecting surface/axial surface angle depends on having multiple surfaces defined such that the axial surface may be identified. (symmetric, assymetric)
Attribute tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 11
nillable True
 

Outbound Associations

Name Type Multiplicity From Class Notes
occurrence MappedFeature 0..* GeologicFeature Points to any number of mapped features which are occurrences of the geologic feature. Mapped features may all be from a single map or from several maps.
Association tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 3
relatedFeature GeologicFeature 1..* GeologicFeature Any geologic feature may be related to another geologic feature. For example, one geologic unit may "overlie" another geologic unit; a geologic unit may be "intersected by" a fault.
Association tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 4
nillable True
classifier ControlledConcept 1 GeologicFeature A standard description or definition of the feature type (eg; the definition of a particular Geologic Unit in a stratigraphic lexicon)
Association tagged values
Tag Value
inlineOrByReference byReference
sequenceNumber 9
metadata MD_Metadata 1 GeologicFeature
Association tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 20
nillable True
system FoldSystem 1 Fold Describes a broader system of folds to which an individual fold may belong
Association tagged values
Tag Value
sequenceNumber 12
 

Constraints

Constraint Type Status Weight
 

Tagged values

Tag Value Notes
byValuePropertyType false Values: true,false
Default: false
Description: enforce the 'by value' property pattern without xl
isCollection false Values: true,false
Default: false
Description: attribute group gml:AggregationAttributeGroup is a
noPropertyType false Values: true,false
Default: false
Description: suppress automatic creation of *PropertyType compl
 

GML-conformant XML Implementation Details

<xs:element xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Fold" type="gsmlst:FoldType" substitutionGroup="gsmlst:GeologicStructure">

    <xs:annotation>

        <xs:documentation>Concordance or discordance of bisecting surface and axial surface, or ratio of length of limbs. Folded surface may have asymmetry defined by limb length ratio if inflection points are defined. Definition based on bisecting surface/axial surface angle depends on having multiple surfaces defined such that the axial surface may be identified. (symmetric, asymmetric)</xs:documentation>

    </xs:annotation>

</xs:element>
<xs:complexType xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="FoldType">

    <xs:complexContent>

        <xs:extension base="gsmlst:GeologicStructureType">

            <xs:sequence>

                <xs:element name="profileType" type="gml:ReferenceType" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:appinfo>

                            <gml:targetElement xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2">gsmlst:FoldProfileTypeTerm</gml:targetElement>

                        </xs:appinfo>

                        <xs:documentation>Terminology specifying concave/convex geometry of fold relative to earth surface, and relationship to younging direction in folded strata if known. (eg; antiform, synform, neutral, anticline, syncline, monocline, ptygmatic)</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="amplitude" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>length from line segment connecting inflection points on adjacent fold limbs to the intervening fold hinge</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="swe:QuantityRangePropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="axialSurfaceOrientation" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>This is used to characterize the geometry of a fold. The axial surface of a particular fold may be located based on observations of the folded geologic structure, but in general it has no direct physical manifestions. As a geologic surface, it has geometric properties, including orientation, which may be specified by observations at one or more locations, or generalized using terminology (upright, inclined, reclined, recumbent, overturned). Dip and Dip Direction are one approach to specifying the value.</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="gsmlu:CGI_PlanarOrientationPropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="geneticModel" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>Specification of genetic model for fold, e.g. flexural slip, parallel</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="swe:CategoryPropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="hingeLineCurvature" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>variation in orientation of fold hinge along trend of fold, distinguish sheath from cylindrical folds. Specify with terminology eg sheath, dome, basin, cylindrical.</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="swe:CategoryPropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="hingeLineOrientation" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>Specification of hinge line orientation for fold. CGI_LinearOrientation allows for a term value specification or a numeric specification of either or both the trend and plunge of hinge line. kHinge plunge term examples: sub-vertical, steeply plunging, ... sub-horizontal, reclined and vertical for special cases in which hinge plunge is close to axial surface dip. 0..* cardinality allows for both a numeric specification a term specification.</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="gsmlu:CGI_LinearOrientationPropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="hingeShape" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>Rounded vs. angular hinge zones; has to do with the proportion of the wavelength that is considered part of hinge</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="swe:CategoryPropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="interLimbAngle" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>Specify using a tightness term (gentle (120-180), open (70-120), close (30-70), tight (10-30), isoclinal (0-10))</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="swe:CategoryPropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="limbShape" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>straight vs curved limbs, eg kink, chevron, sinusoidal, box</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="swe:CategoryPropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="span" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>linear distance between inflection points in a single fold</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="swe:QuantityRangePropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="symmetry" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>Concordance or discordance of bisecting surface and axial surface, or ratio of length of limbs. Folded surface may have asymmetry defined by limb length ratio if inflection points are defined. Definition based on bisecting surface/axial surface angle depends on having multiple surfaces defined such that the axial surface may be identified. (symmetric, asymmetric)</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                    <xs:complexType>

                        <xs:complexContent>

                            <xs:extension base="swe:CategoryPropertyType">

                                <xs:attribute name="nilReason" type="gml:NilReasonType"/>

                            </xs:extension>

                        </xs:complexContent>

                    </xs:complexType>

                </xs:element>

                <xs:element name="system" type="gsmlst:FoldSystemPropertyType" nillable="true">

                    <xs:annotation>

                        <xs:documentation>Describes a broader system of folds to which an individual fold may belong</xs:documentation>

                    </xs:annotation>

                </xs:element>

            </xs:sequence>

        </xs:extension>

    </xs:complexContent>

</xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="FoldPropertyType">

    <xs:sequence minOccurs="0">

        <xs:element ref="gsmlst:Fold"/>

    </xs:sequence>

    <xs:attributeGroup ref="gml:AssociationAttributeGroup"/>

    <xs:attributeGroup ref="gml:OwnershipAttributeGroup"/>

</xs:complexType>