| format: | application/rdf+xml |
| identifier: | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifierscheme/cgi/201012/simplelithology |
| language: | en |
| creator: | CGI IWG Concept Definition Task Group |
| title: | CGI Simple Lithology Categories |
| historyNote: | 2010 11 27 SMR. URIs converted to http URI using CGI uri scheme. |
| historyNote: | 2010-02-11 Add narrower relationship links by adding skos:narrower link in Protege, defining skos:narrower as inverse of skos:broader, calculating with Pellet reasoner to add inferred axioms, and using 'file/Export inferred axioms as ontology' in Protege. |
| historyNote: | Additional revisions and updates Dec 2009, Jan 2010 based on review and comment by OneGeology Europe WP3 committee. |
| historyNote: | Fix language labels for 'alkali feldspar trachytic rock' and for 'cobble gravel size sediment'. Change broader link on 'acidic igneous material' from 'granitoid' to 'igneous material' to fix circular links in hierarchy SMR 2010-08-27 |
| historyNote: | Start file produced from excel spreadsheet version of SimpleLithology200811, comment period July to September 2009. Revisions in spreadsheet discussed and approved at IWG face to face, Quebec CA, Sept. 2009. |
| historyNote: | This is trunk version. 2010 0725 fix xml language notation on preferred name, update history notes to reflect that this is trunk version. |
| historyNote: | Vocabulary maintenence changed to SKOS with Protege v4 as tool of choice, Sept 2009 |
| prefLabel: | CGI Simple Lithology Categories |
| altLabel: | SimpleLithology |
| definition: | This is the 201012 CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary. Minor comment and bug fixes to definitions and encoding are made in this version. Major change is conversion of URIs to http URI. |
| hasTopConcept: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/acidic_igneous_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Acidic igneous material |
| Definition () | Igneous material with more than 63 percent SiO2. |
| Source () | after LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/acidic_igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/acidic_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Acidic igneous rock |
| Definition () | Igneous rock with more than 63 percent SiO2. |
| Source () | after LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/acidic_igneous_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dacite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granitoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_rich_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rhyolitoid |
| Related informal terms (en) | siliceous igneous rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali-olivine_basalt |
| Preferred label (en) | Alkali olivine basalt |
| Definition (en) | Alkali olivine basalt is silica-undersaturated, characterized by the absence of orthopyroxene, absence of quartz, presence of olivine, and typically contains some feldspathoid mineral, alkali feldspar or phlogopite in the groundmass. Feldspar phenocrysts typically are labradorite to andesine in composition. Augite is rich in titanium compared to augite in tholeiitic basalt. Alkali olivine basalt is relatively rich in sodium. |
| Source (en) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt; Carmichael, I.S. Turner, F.J., Verhoogen, John, 1974, Igneous petrology: New York, McGraw HIll Book Co., p.42-43. |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basalt |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | definition of tholeiite and alkali basalt here are more proscriptive than those found in most reference authorities. This is to actually provide some descriptive criteria to allow assignment of rocks on a hand sample basis to the tholeiite or alkali basalt categories if detailed petrographic or chemical data are available. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_granite |
| Preferred label (en) | Alkali feldspar granite |
| Definition (en) | Granitic rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF field 2. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granitoid |
| Related informal terms (en) | alaskite |
| Related informal terms (en) | peralkaline granite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_rhyolite |
| Preferred label (en) | Alkali feldspar rhyolite |
| Definition (en) | Rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.1. QAPF field 2. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rhyolitoid |
| Related informal terms (en) | alkali feldspar liparite |
| Related informal terms (en) | peralkaline rhyolite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_syenite |
| Preferred label (en) | Alkali feldspar syenite |
| Definition (en) | Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 0-5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_syenitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_syenitic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Alkali feldspar syenitic rock |
| Definition (en) | Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of less than 0.1. QAPF fields 6, 6*, and 6'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenitoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_syenite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_alkali_feldspar_syenite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_alkali_feldspar_syenite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_trachyte |
| Preferred label (en) | Alkali feldspar trachyte |
| Definition (en) | Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1, between 0 and 5 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and no feldspathoid minerals. QAPF field 6. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_trachytic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_trachytic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Alkali feldspar trachytic rock |
| Definition () | Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF fields 6, 6', and 6*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_trachyte |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_alkali_feldspar_trachyte |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_alkali_feldspar_trachyte |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/amphibolite |
| Preferred label (en) | Amphibolite |
| Definition () | Metamorphic rock mainly consisting of green, brown or black amphibole and plagioclase (including albite), which combined form 75 percent or more of the rock, and both of which are present as major constituents. The amphibole constitutes 50 percent or more of the total mafic constituents and is present in an amount of 30 percent or more; other common minerals include quartz, clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote-group minerals, biotite, titanite and scapolite. |
| Source () | Coutinho et al. 2007, IUGS SCMR chapter 8 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/andesite |
| Preferred label (en) | Andesite |
| Definition (en) | Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2 as andesite. Basalt and andesite, which share the same QAPF fields, are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. Typically consists of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock. |
| Source () | after LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/intermediate_composition_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/boninite |
| Related informal terms (en) | basaltic andesite |
| Related informal terms (en) | leuco-basalt |
| Related informal terms (en) | mela-andesite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | note the mela-andesite and leuco-basalt categories are not recommended in this system. If chemical analytical data are available to constrain the silica content, the basalt or andesite category should be used. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anorthosite |
| Preferred label (en) | Anorthosite |
| Definition (en) | Anorthositic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anorthositic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anorthositic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Anorthositic rock |
| Definition (en) | Leucocratic phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, often with small amounts of pyroxene. By definition, colour index M is less than 10, and plagiclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10, 10*, and 10'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002; This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anorthosite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_anorthosite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_anorthosite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | anorthositic rock term invented to label the combined QAPF fields 10, 10*, and 10', in order to construct hierarchy in this vocabulary. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anthracite_coal |
| Preferred label (de) | Anthrazit |
| Preferred label (en) | Anthracite |
| Alternative label (en) | High rank coal |
| Definition (en) | Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 2.0% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Less than 12-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free), greater than 91 percent fixed carbon (dry, ash free basis). The highest rank coal; very hard, glossy, black, with semimetallic luster, semi conchoidal fracture. |
| Source (en) | Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp; see also Neuendorf et al. 2005; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal#Types_of_coal; Eberhard Lindner; Chemie für Ingenieure; Lindner Verlag Karlsruhe, S. 258 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/coal |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anthropogenic_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Anthropogenic material |
| Definition (en) | Material known to have artificial (human-related) origin; insufficient information to classify in more detail. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/compound_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anthropogenic_unconsolidated_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anthropogenic_unconsolidated_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Anthropogenic unconsolidated material |
| Definition (en) | Unconsolidated material known to have artificial (human-related) origin. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anthropogenic_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/unconsolidated_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/aphanite |
| Preferred label (en) | Aphanite |
| Definition () | Rock that is too fine grained to categorize in more detail. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/aplite |
| Preferred label (en) | Aplite |
| Definition () | Light coloured crystalline rock, characterized by a fine grained allotriomorphic-granular (aplitic, saccharoidal or xenomorphic) texture; typically granitic composition, consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase. |
| Source () | Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/arenite |
| Preferred label (de) | Arenit |
| Preferred label (en) | Arenite |
| Definition (en) | Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature. |
| Source (en) | Pettijohn, Potter, Siever, 1972, Sand and Sandstone: New York, Springer Verlag, 681 p. |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sandstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ash_and_lapilli |
| Preferred label (en) | Ash and lapilli |
| Definition (en) | Tephra in which less than 25 percent of fragments are greater than 64 mm in longest dimension |
| Source () | Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephra |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ash_breccia_bomb_or_block_tephra |
| Preferred label (en) | Ash breccia, bomb, or block tephra |
| Definition (en) | Tephra in which more than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes ash breccia, bomb tephra and block tephra of Gillespie and Styles (1999) |
| Source () | Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephra |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ash_tuff_lapillistone_and_lapilli_tuff |
| Preferred label (en) | Ash tuff, lapillistone, and lapilli tuff |
| Definition (en) | Pyroclastic rock in which less than 25 percent of rock by volume are more than 64 mm in longest diameter. Includes tuff, lapilli tuff, and lapillistone. |
| Source () | Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroclastic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basalt |
| Preferred label (en) | Basalt |
| Definition (en) | Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as basalt. Basalt and andesite are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. |
| Source () | after LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basic_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali-olivine_basalt |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tholeiitic_basalt |
| Related informal terms (en) | leuco-basalt |
| Related informal terms (en) | mela-andesite |
| Related informal terms (en) | picrite |
| Related informal terms (en) | picrobasalt |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basanite |
| Preferred label (en) | Basanite |
| Definition (en) | Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basanitic_foidite |
| Preferred label (en) | Basanitic foidite |
| Definition (en) | Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is greater than 0.5, with greater than 10 percent normative olivine. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foiditoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basic_igneous_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Basic igneous material |
| Definition (en) | Igneous material with between 45 and 52 percent SiO2. |
| Source () | after LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basic_igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basic_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Basic igneous rock |
| Definition (en) | Igneous rock with between 45 and 52 percent SiO2. |
| Source () | after LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basic_igneous_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basalt |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/bauxite |
| Preferred label (en) | Bauxite |
| Definition () | Highly aluminous material containing abundant aluminium hydroxides (gibbsite, less commonly boehmite, diaspore) and aluminium-substituted iron oxides or hydroxides and generally minor or negligible kaolin minerals; may contain up to 20 percent quartz. Commonly has a pisolitic or nodular texture, and may be cemented. |
| Source () | Eggleton 2001 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/material_formed_in_surficial_environment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/biogenic_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Biogenic sediment |
| Definition (en) | Sediment composed of greater than 50 percent material of biogenic origin. Because the biogenic material may be skeletal remains that are not organic, all biogenic sediment is not necessarily organic-rich. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ooze |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sediment |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sediment |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sediment |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Corresponding biogenic sedimentary material and biogenic sedimentary rock categories are not included based on the interpretation that biogenic sedimentary rock will be in a different category, e.g. carbonate sedimentary rock or organic rich sedimentary rock. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/biogenic_silica_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Biogenic silica sedimentary rock |
| Definition () | Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by biological processes within the basin of deposition. |
| Source () | based on NADM SLTT sedimentary; Hallsworth & Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sedimentary_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | radiolarite |
| Related informal terms (en) | spicularite |
| Related informal terms (en) | spiculite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/bituminous_coal |
| Preferred label (en) | Bituminous coal |
| Alternative label (en) | Medium rank coal |
| Definition (en) | Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 0.6% and less than 2.0% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5), or has a gross calorific value greater than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928). Hard, black, organic rich sedimentary rock; contains less than 91 percent fixed carbon on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, and greater than 13-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free). Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits. |
| Source (en) | Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp; see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal#Types_of_coal; Eberhard Lindner; Chemie für Ingenieure; Lindner Verlag Karlsruhe, S. 258 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/coal |
| Related informal terms (de) | esskohle |
| Related informal terms (de) | fettkohle |
| Related informal terms (de) | flammkohle |
| Related informal terms (de) | gasflammkohle |
| Related informal terms (de) | gaskohle |
| Related informal terms (de) | glanzkohle |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/boninite |
| Preferred label (en) | Boninite |
| Definition (en) | andesitic rock that contains more than 8 percent MgO. Typically consists of phenocrysts of protoenstatite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine in a glassy base full of crystallites, and exhibits textures characterisitc of rapid crystal growth. |
| Source (en) | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/andesite |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/high_magnesium_fine_grained_igneous_rocks |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/boulder_gravel_size_sediment |
| Preferred label () | Boulder gravel size sediment |
| Definition () | Sediment containing greater than 30 percent boulder-size particles (greater than 256 mm in diameter) |
| Source () | Wentworth size scale |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gravel_size_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/boundstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Boundstone |
| Definition () | Sedimentary carbonate rock with preserved biogenic texture, whose original components were bound and encrusted together during deposition by the action of plants and animals during deposition, and remained substantially in the position of growth. |
| Source () | Hallsworth and Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/breccia |
| Preferred label (en) | Breccia |
| Definition (en) | Coarse-grained material composed of angular broken rock fragments; the fragments typically have sharp edges and unworn corners. The fragments may be held together by a mineral cement or in a fine-grained matrix, and consolidated or nonconsolidated. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. In sedimentary environments, breccia is used for material that consists entirely of angular fragments, mostly derived from a single source rock body, as in a rock avalanche deposit, and matrix is interpreted to be the product of comminution of clasts during transport. Diamictite or diamicton is used when the material reflects mixing of rock from a variety of sources, some sub angular or subrounded clasts may be present, and matrix is pre-existing fine grained material that is not a direct product of the brecciation/deposition process. |
| Source () | Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/compound_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/breccia_gouge_series |
| Preferred label (en) | Breccia-gouge series |
| Definition () | Fault material with features such as void spaces (filled or unfilled), or unconsolidated matrix material between fragments, indicating loss of cohesion during deformation. Includes fault-related breccia and gouge. |
| Source () | SLTTm 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fault_related_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Calcareous carbonate sediment |
| Definition () | Carbonate sediment with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments. |
| Source () | after Hallsworth & Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Calcareous carbonate sedimentary material |
| Definition () | Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments, limestone and dolomitic limestone. |
| Source () | after Hallsworth & Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Calcareous carbonate sedimentary rock |
| Definition () | Carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004; Hallsworth & Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_limestone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/limestone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_mud |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonate mud |
| Alternative label (en) | marl |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sediment composed of less than 25 percent clasts that have a maximum diameter more than 2 mm, and the ratio of sand size to mud size clasts is less than one. |
| Source () | follow pattern used for clastic sand and mud categories, based on SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud_size_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_ooze |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_mudstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonate mudstone |
| Alternative label (en) | marlstone |
| Definition (en) | Mudstone that consists of greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals of any origin in the mud size fraction. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_mudstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_mudstone |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | marlstone, calcareous loess |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Not a subcategory of carbonate sedimentary rock because definition does not specify 'carbonate minerals of intrabasinal origin', but is agnostic on origin of carbonate. |
| Comment (en) | Schnurrenberger et al. 2003 point out that it is very difficult (at least in lacustrine rocks) to distinguish chemically precipitated or diagenetic carbonate from primary biogenic carbonate. This distinction between biogenic, detrital, and pedogenic or authigenic carbonate material is thus not a good one to use in a general purpose classification system. Schnurrenberger, D., Russell, J. and Kelts, K., 2003, Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components: Journal of Paleolimnology, v.29, p141-154. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_ooze |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonate ooze |
| Definition (en) | ooze that consists of more than 50 percent carbonate skeletal remains |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_mud |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ooze |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_rich_mud |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonate rich mud |
| Alternative label (en) | Carbonate rich loess |
| Alternative label (en) | marl |
| Definition (en) | Mud size sediment that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in any size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud_size_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_rich_mudstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonate rich mudstone |
| Alternative label (en) | marlstone |
| Definition (en) | Mudstone that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in the mud size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_mudstone |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | calcareous loess |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | 'carbonate-rich mudstone' definition limits carbonate to mud-size fraction to avoid overlap with 'impure carbonate sedimentary rock'. If carbonate minerals are in sand or gravel size fractions, use 'impure carbonate sedimentary rock' The operational test typically used to identify this category is if the rock fizzes when hydrochloric acid is applied. The '10 percent carbonate' criteria is a fuzzy boundary. Rocks typcially called marlstone are subdivided into a carbonate rich variety, and a |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonate sediment |
| Definition () | Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_mud |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonate sedimentary material |
| Definition () | Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_or_magnesian_sedimentary_material |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Should carbonate sedimentary material be considered a kind of chemical sedimentary material? Is biogenic precipitation a chemical sedimentary process? |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonate sedimentary rock |
| Definition (en) | Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite, magnesite or dolomite. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/boundstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_mudstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_wackestone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/crystalline_carbonate |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_or_magnesian_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/framestone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/grainstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/packstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Carbonate rock subcatgories are defined on two orthogonal dimensions--mineralogy (calcitic vs. dolomitic vs non-carbonate impurities), and texture. The texture categories used here are those of Dunham (1962), and involve grain size (matrix vs. grains/allochems), fabric (matrix vs. grain supported), and genesis (bound, frame, or fragmental). The textural approach used for carbonate rocks is conceptually incompatible with that used for clastic sedimentary rocks, which is solely grain size or mineralogy based. This leads to problems in the vocabulary for rocks of mixed siliclastic/carbonate mineralogy (grainstone vs. sandstone, carbonate mudstone vs. carbonate rich mudstone, how to accomodate marlstone...). |
| Comment (en) | Particularly for fine-grained sedimentary rocks, distinction of 'intrabasinal' versus 'clastic' genesis can be very interpretive. In practice the use of clastic mudstone terminology as opposed to carbonate mudstone terminology may be dermined by a priori knowledge about the rock being categorized. If it is associated with other clastic rocks, the clastic categories will be favored, if with cabonate rocks, the carbonate categories will be favored. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_wackestone |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonate wackestone |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible mud supported depositional texture and containing greater than 10 percent allochems, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin. If particles are not intrabasinal, categorization as a mudstone or wackestone should be considered. |
| Source () | Dunham 1962 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_mudstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonatite |
| Preferred label (en) | Carbonatite |
| Definition () | Igneous rock composed of more than 50 percent modal carbonate minerals. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/exotic_composition_igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/cataclasite_series |
| Preferred label (en) | Cataclasite series |
| Definition (en) | Fault-related rock that maintained primary cohesion during deformation, with matrix comprising greater than 10 percent of rock mass; matrix is fine-grained material formed through grain size reduction by fracture as opposed to crystal plastic process that operate in mylonitic rock. Includes cataclasite, protocataclasite and ultracataclasite. |
| Source () | Sibson, 1977; Scholz, 1990; Snoke and Tullis, 1998; Barker, 1998 Appendix II; NADM SLTTm, 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fault_related_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/chalk |
| Preferred label (en) | Chalk |
| Definition (en) | A generally soft, white, very fine-grained, extremely pure, porous limestone. It forms under marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of skeletal elements from minute planktonic green algae (cocoliths), associated with varying proportions of larger microscopic fragments of bivalves, foraminifera and ostracods. It is common to find flint and chert nodules embedded in chalk. |
| Source () | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk; C.S. Harris, 2009, unpublished web page, http://www.geologyshop.co.uk/chalk.htm |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/limestone |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_mudstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/chemical_sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Chemical sedimentary material |
| Definition (en) | Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent material produced by inorganic chemical processes within the basin of deposition. Includes inorganic siliceous, carbonate, evaporite, iron-rich, and phosphatic sediment classes. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/evaporite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/iron_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/travertine |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/chlorite_actinolite_epidote_metamorphic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Chlorite actinolite epidote metamorphic rock |
| Definition (en) | Metamorphic rock characterized by 50 percent or more of combined chlorite, actinolite and epidote. Category for rocks generally named greenschist or greenstone. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | greenschist |
| Related informal terms (en) | greenstone |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Rock classified as Greenschist is difficult to categorize in the CGI SimpleLithology scheme. This stems in part from the variation in usage and the general fuzzy definition of the term. The definition of greenschist is generally something along the lines of ‘metamorphosed rock with a greenish colour, characterized by the presence of actinolite, chlorite and epidote, and containing a planar or linear fabric. The presence or absence of schistose fabric in rocks called ‘greenschist’ is problematic. The fabric present in many rocks called greenschist is too weak or variably developed to meet the definition of ‘schist’ per CGI SimpleLithology. Generally if the rock has achieved metamorphic grade such that the term ‘gneiss’ is applicable, it would not be called greenschist. Thus, ‘greenschist’ would correspond most closely to a chlorite + actinolite rich ‘Foliated metamorphic rock’, but if it actually meets the definition of ‘Schist’ it would be a chlorite + actinolite ‘Schist’. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_conglomerate |
| Preferred label (en) | Conglomerate |
| Alternative label (en) | Clastic conglomerate |
| Alternative label (en) | Conglomeratic rock |
| Definition (en) | Clastic sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite. |
| Source () | Neuendorf et al. 2005; SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_conglomerate |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Note this category is equivlanet to category labeled 'Conglomeratic rock in SLTTs (2004), not to the category labeled 'Conglomerate' in that system. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Mudstone |
| Alternative label (en) | Clastic mudstone |
| Alternative label (en) | Mudrock |
| Definition () | Clastic sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. |
| Source () | Pettijohn et al. 1987 referenced in Hallsworth & Knox 1999. |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_mudstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/claystone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/shale |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/siltstone |
| Related informal terms (en) | argillite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Distinction of intrabasinal, diagenetic, or clastic genesis for very fine-grained carbonate minerals is interpretive in many cases. If there is uncertainty on the mudstone category based on intrabasinal vs epiclastic distinction required for clastic sedimentary rock-carbonate sedimentary rock categorization in this system, it is recommended to use the generic_mudstone category. Schnurrenberger, D., Russell, J. and Kelts, K., 2003, Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components: Journal of Paleolimnology, v.29, p141-154. |
| Comment (en) | This category is the union of the various fields labeled 'mudstone' with various qualifiers in Folk, 1954, Figure 1a, although Folk's (1954) category labeled 'mudstone' is a much more restricted category. The CGI category is equivalent to category labeled 'Mudrock' in SLTTs (2004), not to the category labeled 'Mudstone' adopted by that system from Folk (1954). |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sandstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Sandstone |
| Alternative label (en) | Clastic sandstone |
| Alternative label (en) | Sandy rock |
| Definition (en) | Clastic sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_sandstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/arenite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/wacke |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Note this category is equivalent to cagetory labeled 'sandy rock' in SLTTs (2004), not to the much more restricted category labeled 'Sandstone' in that system. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Clastic sediment |
| Definition () | Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/diamicton |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gravel |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sand |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Choice of 'clastic' is purposful. Other suggested labels for this category include siliciclastic and terrigineous clastic. Siliciclastic is considered too limiting because the category includes rocks that consists clasts of carbonate minerals, e.g. epiclastic detritus eroded from carbonate rock. Terrigineous clastic was considered and rejected first because it is considered redundant, anything that is terrigineous is clastic. Second, it is questionable if clastic sediment derived by submarine processes (fragementation by gravity sliding, faulting, or volcanic activity, with transport by sediment gravity flow or submarine currents) is terrigineous, but it is clastic and is meant to be included in this category. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Clastic sedimentary material |
| Definition () | Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Clastic sedimentary rock |
| Definition () | Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_conglomerate |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sandstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/diamictite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Particularly for fine-grained sedimentary rocks, distinction of 'intrabasinal' versus 'clastic' genesis can be very interpretive. In practice the use of clastic mudstone terminology as opposed to carbonate mudstone terminology may be dermined by a priori knowledge about the rock being categorized. If it is associated with other clastic rocks, the clastic categories will be favored, if with cabonate rocks, the carbonate categories will be favored. |
| Comment (en) | The conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, and wackestone categories are not defined as kinds of clastic sedimentary rocks because rocks meeting their purely grainsize based definitions might also be iron-rich, phosphatic, or carbonate. This is based on GeoSciML allowance to assign rocks to more than one lithology category. For example to categorize a rock as a clastic conglomerate requires assignment ot the 'clastic sedimentary rock' category and to the 'conglomerate' category. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clay |
| Preferred label (en) | Clay |
| Definition (en) | Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent particles with grain size less than 0.004 mm |
| Source () | based on SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/claystone |
| Preferred label (en) | Claystone |
| Definition (en) | Mudstone that contains no detectable silt, inferred to consist virtually entirely of clay-size particles. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/coal |
| Preferred label (de) | Kohle |
| Preferred label (en) | Coal |
| Definition (en) | A consolidated organic sedimentary material having less than 75% moisture. This category includes low, medium, and high rank coals according to International Classification of In-Seam Coal (United Nations, 1998), thus including lignite. Sapropelic coal is not distinguished in this category from humic coals. Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits. |
| Source (en) | Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp. |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anthracite_coal |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/bituminous_coal |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/lignite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/cobble_gravel_size_sediment |
| Preferred label () | Cobble gravel size sediment |
| Definition () | Sediment containing greater than 30 percent cobble-size particles (64-256 mm in diameter) |
| Source () | Wentworth size scale |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gravel_size_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Composite genesis material |
| Definition () | Material of unspecified consolidation state formed by geological modification of pre-existing materials outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes. Includes rocks formed by impact metamorphism, standard dynamothermal metamorphism, brittle deformation, weathering, metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration (diagenesis is a sedimentary process in this context). |
| Source () | SLTTm 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/compound_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fault_related_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impact_generated_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/material_formed_in_surficial_environment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Composite genesis rock |
| Definition () | Rock formed by geological modification of pre-existing rocks outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes. Includes rocks formed by impact metamorphism, standard dynamothermal metamorphism, brittle deformation, weathering, metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration (diagenesis is a sedimentary process in this context). |
| Source () | SLTTm 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/cataclasite_series |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/duricrust |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metasomatic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/compound_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Compound material |
| Definition () | An Earth Material composed of an aggregation of particles of Earth Material, possibly including other Compound Materials. This is 'top' of lithology category hierarchy, and should be used to indicate 'any rock or unconsolidated material'. |
| Source () | NADM C1 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anthropogenic_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/breccia |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/unconsolidated_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/crystalline_carbonate |
| Preferred label (en) | Crystalline carbonate |
| Definition () | Carbonate rock of indeterminate mineralogy in which diagenetic processes have obliterated any original depositional texture. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dacite |
| Preferred label (en) | Dacite |
| Definition (en) | Fine grained or porphyritic crystalline rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3. Typcially composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene; fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/acidic_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | rhyodacite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/diamictite |
| Preferred label (en) | Diamictite |
| Definition (en) | Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sedimentary rock with a wide range of particle sizes including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. If more than 10 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wacke. |
| Source () | Fairbridge and Bourgeois 1978 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_conglomerate |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/wacke |
| Related informal terms (en) | pebbly mudstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/diamicton |
| Preferred label (en) | Diamicton |
| Definition (en) | Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sediment with a wide range of particle sizes, including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. Assignment to an other size class can be used in conjunction to indicate the dominant grain size. |
| Source () | Fairbridge and Bourgeois 1978 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sediment |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | definition amplified to help distinguish diamicton, conglomerate and wackestone in this version |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/diorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Diorite |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite; colour index M less than 90, sodic plagioclase (An0-An50), no feldspathoid, and between 0 and 5 percent quartz. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 10 as diorite. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Dioritic rock |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. A dioritoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio (in the QAPF fraction) greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 10, 10' and 10*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/diorite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_diorite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_diorite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Dioritoid |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater that 0.65, and anorthite content of plagioclase is less than 50 percent. Less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (and their subdivisions). |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/intermediate_composition_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzodioritic_rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/doleritic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/doleritic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Doleritic rock |
| Definition () | Dark colored gabbroic (basaltic) or dioritic (andesitic) rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and opaque minerals; often with ophitic texture. Typically occurs as hypabyssal intrusions. Includes dolerite, microdiorite, diabase and microgabbro. |
| Source () | Neuendorf et al 2005; LeMaitre et al. 2002; Gillespie and Styles 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/andesite |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basic_igneous_material |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritic_rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroid |
| Related informal terms (en) | diabase |
| Related informal terms (en) | microdiorite |
| Related informal terms (en) | microgabbro |
| Related informal terms (en) | trap |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_or_magnesian_sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary material |
| Definition () | Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation degree with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolomite sediment, dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone. |
| Source () | after SLTTs 2004, Hallsworth and Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_or_magnesian_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_or_magnesian_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary rock |
| Definition () | Carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone. |
| Source () | after SLTTs 2004, Hallsworth and Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_or_magnesian_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolostone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_dolostone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Dolomitic sediment |
| Definition () | Carbonate sediment with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. |
| Source () | after SLTTs 2004, Hallsworth and Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_or_magnesian_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_dolomitic_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_dolomitic_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolostone |
| Preferred label (en) | Dolomite |
| Alternative label (en) | Dolostone |
| Alternative label (en) | Pure dolomitic or magnesian carbonate sedimentary rock |
| Definition (en) | Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_or_magnesian_sedimentary_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/duricrust |
| Preferred label (en) | Duricrust |
| Definition () | Rock forming a hard crust or layer at or near the Earth's surface at the time of formation, e.g. in the upper horizons of a soil, characterized by structures indicative of pedogenic origin. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/material_formed_in_surficial_environment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/eclogite |
| Preferred label (en) | Eclogite |
| Definition () | Metamorphic rock composed of 75 percent or more (by volume) omphacite and garnet, both of which are present as major constituents, the amount of neither of them being higher than 75 percent (by volume); the presence of plagioclase precludes classification as an eclogite. |
| Source () | IUGS SCMR 2007 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/evaporite |
| Preferred label (en) | Evaporite |
| Definition () | Nonclastic sedimentary rock composed of at least 50 percent non-carbonate salts, including chloride, sulfate or borate minerals; formed through precipitation of mineral salts from a saline solution (non-carbonate salt rock). |
| Source () | Jackson 1997; SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/chemical_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/exotic_evaporite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock_gypsum_or_anhydrite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock_salt |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/exotic_alkaline_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Exotic alkaline rock |
| Definition (en) | Kimberlite, lamproite, or lamprophyre. Generally are potassic, mafic or ultramafic rocks. Olivine (commonly serpentinized in kimberlite), and phlogopite are significant constituents. |
| Source () | based on LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/exotic_composition_igneous_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | cancalite |
| Related informal terms (en) | cedricite |
| Related informal terms (en) | fitzroyite |
| Related informal terms (en) | fortunite |
| Related informal terms (en) | jumillite |
| Related informal terms (en) | kimberlite |
| Related informal terms (en) | lamproite |
| Related informal terms (en) | lamprophyre |
| Related informal terms (en) | madupite |
| Related informal terms (en) | mamilite |
| Related informal terms (en) | orendite |
| Related informal terms (en) | verite |
| Related informal terms (en) | wolgidite |
| Related informal terms (en) | wyomingite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/exotic_composition_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Exotic composition igneous rock |
| Definition (en) | Rock with 'exotic' mineralogical, textural or field setting characteristics; typically dark colored, with abundant phenocrysts. Criteria include: presence of greater than 10 percent melilite or leucite, or presence of kalsilite, or greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals. Includes Carbonatite, Melilitic rock, Kalsilitic rocks, Kimberlite, Lamproite, Leucitic rock and Lamprophyres. |
| Source () | Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonatite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/exotic_alkaline_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/kalsilitic_and_melilitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/exotic_evaporite |
| Preferred label (en) | Exotic evaporite |
| Definition (en) | Evaporite that is not 50 percent halite or 50 percent gypsum or anhydrite. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/evaporite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Category represents evaporite material that is not mostly gypsum/anhydrite or halite. These are generally not very common, thus the 'exotic' name |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fault_related_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Fault-related material |
| Definition () | Material formed as a result brittle faulting, composed of greater than 10 percent matrix; matrix is fine-grained material caused by tectonic grainsize reduction. Includes cohesive (cataclasite series) and non-cohesive (breccia-gouge series) material. |
| Source () | This vocabulary; SLTTm 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/breccia_gouge_series |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/cataclasite_series |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mylonitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Fine grained igneous rock |
| Alternative label (en) | Volcanic rock |
| Definition (en) | Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of crystals that are too small to determine mineralogy with the unaided eye; framework may include up to 50 percent glass. A significant percentage of the rock by volume may be phenocrysts. Includes rocks that are generally called volcanic rocks. |
| Source () | Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/andesite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basalt |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dacite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foiditoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/high_magnesium_fine_grained_igneous_rocks |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rhyolitoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytoid |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Need to make decision as to whether devitrified glass should be considered glass or microcrystalline framework for purposes of categorization |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_alkali_feldspar_syenite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing alkali feldspar syenite |
| Definition (en) | Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_syenitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_alkali_feldspar_trachyte |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing alkali feldspar trachyte |
| Definition (en) | Alkali feldspar trachytic rock that contains no quartz and between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_trachytic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_anorthosite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing anorthosite |
| Definition (en) | Anorthositic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anorthositic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_diorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing diorite |
| Definition (en) | Dioritic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_gabbro |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing gabbro |
| Definition (en) | Gabbroic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid minerals and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_latite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing latite |
| Definition (en) | Latitic rock that contains no quartz and between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/latitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_monzodiorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing monzodiorite |
| Definition (en) | Monzodioritic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzodioritic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_monzogabbro |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing monzogabbro |
| Definition (en) | Monzogabbroic rock that contains 0 to 10 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 9'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzogabbroic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_monzonite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing monzonite |
| Definition (en) | Monzonitic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzonitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_syenite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing syenite |
| Definition (en) | Syenitic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_trachyte |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid bearing trachyte |
| Definition (en) | Trachytic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction, and no quartz. QAPF field 7'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_diorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid diorite |
| Definition (en) | Foid dioritoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 14. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_dioritoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_dioritoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid dioritoid |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoid minerals form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, plagioclase has anorthite content less than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_diorite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_monzodiorite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_gabbro |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid gabbro |
| Definition (en) | Foid gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 14. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_gabbroid |
| Related informal terms (en) | analcime gabbro |
| Related informal terms (en) | nepheline gabbro |
| Related informal terms (en) | teschenite |
| Related informal terms (en) | theralite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_gabbroid |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid gabbroid |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoids form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, and plagioclase has anorthite content greater than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_gabbro |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_monzogabbro |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_monzodiorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid monzodiorite |
| Definition (en) | Foid dioritoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is between 0.1 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 13. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_dioritoid |
| Related informal terms (en) | essexite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_monzogabbro |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid monzogabbro |
| Definition (en) | Foid gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 13. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_gabbroid |
| Related informal terms (en) | essexite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_monzosyenite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid monzosyenite |
| Definition (en) | Foid syenitoid rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of between 0.1 and 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 12. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_syenitoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_syenite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid syenite |
| Definition (en) | Foid syenitoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of less than 0.1. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 11. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_syenitoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_syenitoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Foid syenitoid |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, contains between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes QAPF fields 11 and 12. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_monzosyenite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_syenite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foidite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foidite |
| Definition (en) | Foiditoid that contains greater than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foiditoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foiditoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Foiditoid |
| Alternative label (en) | Foidite (sensu lato) |
| Alternative label (en) | Foiditic rock |
| Definition (en) | Fine grained crystalline rock containing less than 90 percent mafic minerals and more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15 or chemically in TAS field F. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basanitic_foidite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foidite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitic_foidite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritic_foidite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foidolite |
| Preferred label (en) | Foidolite |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline rock containing more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15 |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | ijolite |
| Related informal terms (en) | melteigite |
| Related informal terms (en) | nephelinolite |
| Related informal terms (en) | urtite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foliated_metamorphic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Foliated metamorphic rock |
| Definition () | Metamorphic rock in which 10 percent or more of the contained mineral grains are elements in a planar or linear fabric. Cataclastic or glassy character precludes classification with this concept. |
| Source () | based on NADM SLTT metamorphic |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gneiss |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mylonitic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phyllite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/schist |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/slate |
| Related informal terms (en) | tectonite |
| Related informal terms (en) | whiteschist |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fragmental_igneous_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Fragmental igneous material |
| Definition () | igneous_material of unspecified consolidation state in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. |
| Source () | CGI concept definition task group |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fragmental_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroclastic_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fragmental_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Fragmental igneous rock |
| Definition (en) | Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks, autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes (see Tuffite) |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fragmental_igneous_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroclastic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/framestone |
| Preferred label (en) | Framestone |
| Definition () | Carbonate reef rock consisting of a rigid framework of colonies, shells or skeletons, with internal cavities filled with fine sediment; usually created through the activities of colonial organisms. |
| Source () | Hallsworth & Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004, Table 15-3-1 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbro |
| Preferred label (en) | Gabbro |
| Definition () | Gabbroic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 10 as gabbro. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroic_rock |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Note that this category includes gabbro (sensu stricto) of LeMaitre et al. 2002, but is broader, including the other rock types defined by orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-olivine-hornblende mineral ratios. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Gabbroic rock |
| Definition (en) | Gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9 in the QAPF fraction. Includes QAPF fields 10*, 10, and 10'. This category includes the various categories defined in LeMaitre et al. (2002) based on the mafic mineralogy, but apparently not subdivided based on the quartz/feldspathoid content. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basic_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_gabbro |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbro |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_gabbro |
| Related informal terms (en) | Gabbro (sensu stricto) |
| Related informal terms (en) | Gabbronorite |
| Related informal terms (en) | Norite |
| Related informal terms (en) | Troctolite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroid |
| Preferred label (en) | Gabbroid |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, and up to 20 percent quartz or up to 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. The ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.65, and anorthite content of the plagioclase is greater than 50 percent. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 and their subdivisions. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzogabbroic_rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/doleritic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_conglomerate |
| Preferred label (en) | Generic conglomerate |
| Definition (en) | Sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite. |
| Source (en) | Neuendorf et al. 2005; SLTTs 2004; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_conglomerate |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_mudstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Generic mudstone |
| Definition () | Sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. |
| Source (en) | Pettijohn et al. 1987 referenced in Hallsworth & Knox 1999; extrapolated from Folk, 1954, Figure 1a; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_mudstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_rich_mudstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_bearing_mudstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_mudstone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/silicate_mudstone |
| Related informal terms (en) | argillite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Distinction of intrabasinal, diagenetic, or clastic genesis for very fine-grained carbonate minerals is so interpretive that it is proposed to not define the mudstone category based on intrabasinal vs epiclastic distinction required for clastic sedimentary rock-carbonate sedimentary rock categorization in this system. Schnurrenberger, D., Russell, J. and Kelts, K., 2003, Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components: Journal of Paleolimnology, v.29, p141-154. |
| Comment (en) | Note that the shale and siltstone categories may apply to any of the mineralogically defined mudstone categories. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_sandstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Generic sandstone |
| Definition (en) | Sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. |
| Source (en) | SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sandstone |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/grainstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/glass_rich_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Glass rich igneous rock |
| Definition (en) | Igneous rock that contains greater than 50 percent massive glass. |
| Source () | This vocabulary, based on Gillespie and Styles 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/glassy_igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/glassy_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Glassy igneous rock |
| Definition (en) | Igneous rock that consists of greater than 80 percent massive glass. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/glass_rich_igneous_rock |
| Notes: | |
| History note (en) | Change percent criteria from 90 to 80 percent for version 2009. |
| Comment (en) | Note that this category is used for massive glassy rocks. Much of the pyroclastic material in a pyroclastic rock may be composed of glass, but the rock is named based on its fragmental nature. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/glaucophane_lawsonite_epidote_metamorphic_rock |
| Preferred label (de) | Glaukophanschiefer |
| Preferred label (en) | Glaucophane lawsonite epidote metamorphic rock |
| Alternative label (de) | Blauschiefer |
| Alternative label (en) | Blueschist |
| Definition (en) | A metamorphic rock of roughly basaltic composition, defined by the presence of glaucophane with lawsonite or epidote. Other minerals that may be present include jadeite, albite, chlorite, garnet, and muscovite (phengitic white mica). Typically fine-grained, dark colored. Category for rocks commonly referred to as blueschist. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | blueschist |
| Related informal terms (en) | glaucophanite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Fabric is weakly developed in this rock in many cases, so the fabric categories 'foliated metamorphic rock, 'schist' or 'granofels' may apply. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gneiss |
| Preferred label (en) | Gneiss |
| Definition () | Foliated metamorphic rock with bands or lenticles rich in granular minerals alternating with bands or lenticles rich in minerals with a flaky or elongate prismatic habit. Mylonitic foliation or well developed, continuous schistosity (greater than 50 percent of the rock consists of grains participate in a planar or linear fabric) precludes classification with this concept. |
| Source () | Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foliated_metamorphic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/orthogneiss |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/paragneiss |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/grainstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Grainstone |
| Alternative label (en) | Carbonate grainstone |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sedimentary rock with recognizable depositional fabric that is grain-supported, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin; contains little or no mud matrix. Distinction from sandstone is based on interpretation of intrabasinal origin of clasts and grain-supported fabric, but grainstone definition does not include a grain size criteria. |
| Source () | Dunham 1962 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_sandstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granite |
| Preferred label (en) | Granite |
| Definition () | Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase (typically sodic) in variable amounts, usually with biotite and/or hornblende. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 3. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granitoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzogranite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenogranite |
| Related informal terms (en) | charnockite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granitoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Granitoid |
| Alternative label (en) | Granitic rock |
| Definition () | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and/or plagioclase. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2, 3, 4 and 5 as alkali feldspar granite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/acidic_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/acidic_igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_granite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granodiorite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tonalite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granodiorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Granodiorite |
| Definition () | Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting essentially of quartz, sodic plagioclase and lesser amounts of alkali feldspar with minor hornblende and biotite. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 4. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granitoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granofels |
| Preferred label (en) | Granofels |
| Definition (en) | Metamorphic rock with granoblastic fabric and very little or no foliation (less than 10 percent of the mineral grains in the rock are elements in a planar or linear fabric). Grainsize not specified. |
| Source () | SLTTm 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/hornfels |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granulite |
| Preferred label (en) | Granulite |
| Definition (en) | Metamorphic rock of high metamorphic grade in which Fe-Mg silicate minerals are dominantly hydroxl-free; feldspar must be present, and muscovite is absent; rock contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 75 percent calcite and/or dolomite, less than 75 percent quartz, less than 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), and less than 50 percent calc-silicate minerals. |
| Source (en) | Fettes and Desmons (2007). See also Wimmenauer (1985), Winkler (1979) (D.R. Bowes (1989), The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology; Van Nostrand Reinhold ISBN: 0-442-20623-2 ; wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulite accessed 5/30/09 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gneiss |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granofels |
| Related informal terms (en) | nebulite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | According to Fettes and Desmons (2007) the main calc-silicate minerals are calcic garnet, calcic plagioclase, calcic scapolite, diopside-hedenbergite, epidote group minerals, hydrogrossular, johannsenite, prehnite, pumpellyite, titanite, vesuvianite, wollastonite. It is unclear from definitions in Fettes and Desmons (2002) if calcic plagioclase is to be considered part of the required feldspar content of a granulite, or a calc-silicate phase. |
| Comment (en) | Wimmenauer (1985) requires granulite to consist of at least 20 percent feldspar. Garnet is frequently present; some hornblende or biotite may be present. The rock has a granoblastic texture and gneissose to massive structure; grain size and fabric may be variable on a decimetric scale. Foliation is less well developed than in rock that would typically be called gneiss. The minerals present in a granulite vary depending on the protolith and the temperature and pressure conditions experienced during metamorphism. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gravel |
| Preferred label (en) | Gravel |
| Definition (en) | Clastic sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 mm diameter). Gravel in which more than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin |
| Source () | definition of gravel from SLTTs 2004; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gravel_size_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gravel_size_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Gravel size sediment |
| Definition (en) | Sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 mm diameter). Composition or gensis of clasts not specified. |
| Source (en) | SLTTs 2004; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/boulder_gravel_size_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/cobble_gravel_size_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gravel |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pebble_gravel_size_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/high_magnesium_fine_grained_igneous_rocks |
| Preferred label (en) | High magnesium fine grained igneous rock |
| Definition (en) | fine-grained igneous rock that contains unusually high concentration of MgO. For rocks that contain greater than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 8 percent. For rocks containing less than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 12 percent. |
| Source (en) | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/boninite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/komatiitic_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | boninite |
| Related informal terms (en) | picrite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/hornblendite |
| Preferred label (en) | Hornblendite |
| Definition () | Ultramafic rock that consists of greater than 40 percent hornblende plus pyroxene and has a hornblende to pyroxene ratio greater than 1. Includes olivine hornblendite, olivine-pyroxene hornblendite, pyroxene hornblendite, and hornblendite. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ultramafic_igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/hornfels |
| Preferred label (en) | Hornfels |
| Definition (en) | Granofels formed by contact metamorphism, composed of a mosaic of equidimensional grains in a characteristically granoblastic or decussate matrix; porphyroblasts or relict phenocrysts may be present. Typically fine grained. |
| Source () | IUGS SCMR 2007 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granofels |
| Related informal terms (en) | skarn |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/hybrid_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Hybrid sediment |
| Definition (en) | Sediment that does not fit any of the other sediment composition/genesis categories. Sediment consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material. |
| Source () | Hallsworth and Knox, 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/hybrid_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Hybrid sedimentary rock |
| Definition (en) | Sedimentary rock that does not fit any of the other composition/genesis categories. Sedimentary rock consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material. |
| Source () | Hallsworth and Knox, 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Igneous material |
| Definition () | Earth material formed as a result of igneous processes, eg. intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, volcanic eruption. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/compound_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basic_igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fragmental_igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/intermediate_composition_igneous_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impact_generated_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Impact generated material |
| Definition (en) | Material that contains features indicative of shock metamorphism, such as microscopic planar deformation features within grains or shatter cones, interpreted to be the result of extraterrestrial bolide impact. Includes breccias and melt rocks. |
| Source () | Stöffler and Grieve 2007; Jackson 1997 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_material |
| Related informal terms (en) | impact breccia |
| Related informal terms (en) | impact metamorphic rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | suevite |
| Related informal terms (en) | tagamite |
| Related informal terms (en) | tektite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Impure calcareous carbonate sediment |
| Alternative label (en) | calcareous marl |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_carbonate_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_carbonate_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Impure carbonate sediment |
| Alternative label (en) | marl |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_dolomitic_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Impure carbonate sedimentary rock |
| Alternative label (en) | marlstone |
| Definition (en) | Sedimentary rock in which between 50 and 90 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of carbonate minerals. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_dolostone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_limestone |
| Related informal terms (en) | marlstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_dolomitic_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Impure dolomitic sediment |
| Alternative label (en) | dolomitic marl |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and the ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_carbonate_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_dolostone |
| Preferred label (en) | Impure dolomite |
| Alternative label (en) | Impure dolomitic or magnesian carbonate sedimentary rock |
| Alternative label (en) | Impure dolostone |
| Alternative label (en) | dolomitic marlstone |
| Definition (en) | Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_or_magnesian_sedimentary_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | marlstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_limestone |
| Preferred label (en) | Impure limestone |
| Alternative label (en) | calcareous marlstone |
| Definition (en) | Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. |
| Source (en) | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/impure_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | marlstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/intermediate_composition_igneous_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Intermediate composition igneous material |
| Definition () | Igneous material with between 52 and 63 percent SiO2. |
| Source () | after LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/intermediate_composition_igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/intermediate_composition_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Intermediate composition igneous rock |
| Definition () | Igneous rock with between 52 and 63 percent SiO2. |
| Source () | after LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/intermediate_composition_igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/andesite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/iron_rich_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Iron rich sediment |
| Definition () | Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/iron_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/iron_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Iron rich sedimentary material |
| Definition () | Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/chemical_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/iron_rich_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/iron_rich_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/iron_rich_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Iron rich sedimentary rock |
| Definition () | Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight. |
| Source () | Hallsworth and Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/iron_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/kalsilitic_and_melilitic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Kalsilitic and melilitic rocks |
| Definition (en) | Igneous rock containing greater than 10 percent melilite or kalsilite. Typically undersaturated, ultrapotassic (kalsilitic rocks) or calcium-rich (melilitic rocks) mafic or ultramafic rocks. |
| Source () | based on LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/exotic_composition_igneous_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | coppaelite |
| Related informal terms (en) | kalsilitite |
| Related informal terms (en) | katungite |
| Related informal terms (en) | mafurite |
| Related informal terms (en) | melilitite |
| Related informal terms (en) | melilitolite |
| Related informal terms (en) | ugandite |
| Related informal terms (en) | venanzite |
| Notes: | |
| History note (en) | 2009-12-14 SMR change ID and pref label from 'exotic alkalic igneous rock' to kalsilitic igneous rock to avoid confusion with 'exotic alkaline rock' based on OGE recommendation. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/komatiitic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Komatiitic rock |
| Definition (en) | Ultramafic, magnesium-rich volcanic rock, typically with spinifex texture of intergrown skeletal and bladed olivine and pyroxene crystals set in abundant glass. Includes komatiite and meimechite. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/high_magnesium_fine_grained_igneous_rocks |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ultramafic_igneous_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | komatiite |
| Related informal terms (en) | meimechite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/latite |
| Preferred label (en) | Latite |
| Definition (en) | Latitic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/latitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/latitic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Latitic rock |
| Definition (en) | Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF fields 8, 8' and 8*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_latite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/latite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_latite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/lignite |
| Preferred label (en) | Lignite |
| Alternative label (en) | Low rank coal |
| Definition (en) | Coal that has a gross calorific value less than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928), and vitrinite mean random reflectance less than 0.6% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Gross calorific value is recalculated to a moist, ash free basis using bed moisture (determined according to ISO 1015 or ISO 5068). Includes all low-rank coals, including sub-bitiminous coal. A consolidated, dull, soft brown to black coal having many readily discernible plant fragments set in a finer grained organic matrix. Tends to crack and fall apart on drying. Operationally sub-bituminous and bitiminous coal are qualitatively distinguished based on brown streak for sub-bitiminous coal and black streak for bituminous coal. |
| Source (en) | Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp. |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/coal |
| Related informal terms (en) | brown coal |
| Related informal terms (en) | metalignite |
| Related informal terms (en) | ortholignite |
| Related informal terms (en) | sub-bituminous coal |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/limestone |
| Preferred label (en) | Limestone |
| Definition (en) | Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/chalk |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/travertine |
| Related informal terms (en) | dolomitic limestone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/marble |
| Preferred label (en) | Marble |
| Definition () | Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than 75 percent fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized calcite and/or dolomite; usually with a granoblastic, saccharoidal texture. |
| Source () | IUGS SCMR 2007 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/), SLTTm1.0 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/material_formed_in_surficial_environment |
| Preferred label (en) | Material formed in surficial environment |
| Definition (en) | Material that is the product of weathering processes operating on pre-existing rocks or deposits, analogous to hydrothermal or metasomatic rocks, but formed at ambient Earth surface temperature and pressure. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/bauxite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/duricrust |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/residual_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Metamorphic rock |
| Definition (en) | Rock formed by solid-state mineralogical, chemical and/or structural changes to a pre-existing rock, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress and chemical environment. |
| Source () | Jackson 1997 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/amphibolite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/chlorite_actinolite_epidote_metamorphic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/eclogite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foliated_metamorphic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/glaucophane_lawsonite_epidote_metamorphic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granofels |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granulite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/marble |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/migmatite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartzite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/serpentinite |
| Related informal terms (en) | buchite |
| Related informal terms (en) | fulgurite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Robertson (1999) defines the boundary between diagenesis and metamorphism in sedimentary rocks as follows: “…the boundary between diagenesis and metamorphism is somewhat arbitrary and strongly dependent on the lithologies involved. For example changes take place in organic materials at lower temperatures than in rocks dominated by silicate minerals. In mudrocks, a white mica (illite) crystallinity value of < 0.42D.2U obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis, is used to define the onset of metamorphism (Kisch, 1991). In this scheme, the first appearance of glaucophane, lawsonite, paragonite, prehnite, pumpellyite or stilpnomelane is taken to indicate the lower limit of metamorphism (Frey and Kisch, 1987; Bucher and Frey, 1994; Frey and Robinson, 1998). Most workers agree that such mineral growth starts at 150 ± 50° C in silicate rocks. Many lithologies may show no change in mineralogy under these conditions and hence the recognition of the onset of metamorphism will vary with bulk composition.” |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metasomatic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Metasomatic rock |
| Definition (en) | Rock that has fabric and composition indicating open-system mineralogical and chemical changes in response to interaction with a fluid phase, typically water rich. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/skarn |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/spilite |
| Related informal terms (en) | Aceite |
| Related informal terms (en) | argillisite |
| Related informal terms (en) | beresite |
| Related informal terms (en) | endoskarn |
| Related informal terms (en) | fenite |
| Related informal terms (en) | greisen |
| Related informal terms (en) | gumbeite |
| Related informal terms (en) | propylite |
| Related informal terms (en) | rodingite |
| Related informal terms (en) | spilite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | SLTTm (2004) proposed the following criteria to distinguish hydrothermally altered or metasomatic rock from igneous rock. "The rock is classified as metamorphic if (1) the texture has been modified such that it can no longer be considered igneous, (2) the bulk composition of the rock is inconsistent with compositions that can be derived purely from a magma and associated processes such as assimilation and differentiation, or (3) minerals inconsistent with magmatic crystallization are present." |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mica_schist |
| Preferred label (en) | Mica schist |
| Definition (en) | A schist that consists of more than 50 percent mica minerals, typically muscovite or biotite. Special type included to distinguish this common variety of schist. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/schist |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Include single subcategory of schist to indicate this common kind of schist. ‘Mica rich metamorphic rock’ for compound use with schist fabric term would be more compatible with treatment of blueschist (Glaucophane lawsonite epidote metamorphic rock) and greenschist (Chlorite actinolite epidote metamorphic rock), but based on the assumption that schist is the only rock type that will meet the mica-rich criteria, it seems reasonable to include as a subtype of schist. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/migmatite |
| Preferred label (en) | Migmatite |
| Definition () | Silicate metamorphic rock that is pervasively heterogeneous on a decimeter to meter scale that typically consists of darker and lighter parts; the darker parts usually exhibit features of metamorphic rocks whereas the lighter parts are of igneous-looking appearance. |
| Source () | Fette and Desmons (2007) (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | agmatite |
| Related informal terms (en) | diatectite |
| Related informal terms (en) | dictyonite |
| Related informal terms (en) | ditexite |
| Related informal terms (en) | metatexite |
| Related informal terms (en) | nebulite |
| Related informal terms (en) | phlebite |
| Related informal terms (en) | stromatite |
| Related informal terms (en) | venite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzodiorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Monzodiorite |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of sodic plagioclase (An0 to An50), alkali feldspar, hornblende and biotite, with or without pyroxene, and 0 to 5 percent quartz. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzodioritic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzodioritic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Monzodioritic rock |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of sodic plagioclase (An0 to An50), alkali feldspar, hornblende and biotite, with or without pyroxene, and 0 to 10 percent feldspathoid or 0 to 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio in the QAPF fraction is between 0.65 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9, 9' and 9* as monzodiorite, foid-beaing monzodiorite, and quartz monzodiorite. |
| Source () | This vocabulary; LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_monzodiorite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzodiorite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_monzodiorite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzogabbro |
| Preferred label (en) | Monzogabbro |
| Definition (en) | Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 0 an 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9 . |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002, This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzogabbroic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzogabbroic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Monzogabbroic rock |
| Definition (en) | Gabbroid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.65 and 0.9. QAPF field 9, 9 prime and 9 asterisk |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002, This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_monzogabbro |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzogabbro |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_monzogabbro |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzogranite |
| Preferred label (en) | Monzogranite |
| Definition (en) | Granite that has a plagiolcase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF field 3b. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzonite |
| Preferred label (en) | Monzonite |
| Definition (en) | Monzonitic rock that contains 0-5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzonitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzonitic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Monzonitic rock |
| Definition (en) | Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. Includes rocks in QAPF fields 8, 8*, and 8'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenitoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_monzonite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzonite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_monzonite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud |
| Preferred label (en) | Mud |
| Definition (en) | Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin. |
| Source () | definition of mud from SLTTs 2004 muddy sediment; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud_size_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clay |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/silt |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud_size_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Mud size sediment |
| Definition (en) | Sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. |
| Source (en) | based on SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_mud |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_rich_mud |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ooze |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/silicate_mud |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mylonitic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Mylonitic rock |
| Definition (en) | Metamorphic rock characterised by a foliation resulting from tectonic grain size reduction, in which more than 10 percent of the rock volume has undergone grain size reduction. Includes protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite, and blastomylonite. |
| Source () | Marshak & Mitra 1988 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fault_related_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foliated_metamorphic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phyllonite |
| Related informal terms (en) | blastomylonite |
| Related informal terms (en) | mesomylonite |
| Related informal terms (en) | mylonite |
| Related informal terms (en) | protomylonite |
| Related informal terms (en) | ultramylonite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/natural_unconsolidated_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Natural unconsolidated material |
| Definition () | Unconsolidated material known to have natural, ie. not human-made, origin. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/unconsolidated_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephra |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Non-clastic siliceous sediment |
| Definition () | Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition. |
| Source () | NGMDB 2008; Hallsworth and Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/siliceous_ooze |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Non-clastic siliceous sedimentary material |
| Definition () | Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Non-clastic siliceous sedimentary rock |
| Definition () | Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/biogenic_silica_sedimentary_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | chert |
| Related informal terms (en) | flint |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ooze |
| Preferred label (en) | Ooze |
| Alternative label (en) | biogenic mud |
| Definition (en) | Biogenic sediment consisting of less than 1 percent gravel-size (greater than or equal to 2 mm) particles, with a sand to mud ratio less than 1 to 9, and less than 50 percent carbonate minerals. |
| Source (en) | based on Bates and Jackson 1987 & Hallsworth & Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/biogenic_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud_size_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_ooze |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/siliceous_ooze |
| Notes: | |
| History note (en) | update definition, add mud as related term in this version |
| Comment (en) | Neuendorf et al. 2005 put cutoff at 30 percent skeletal remains; this is raised to 50 percent in This vocabulary for consistency with definition of other Biogenic sediment category |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_bearing_mudstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Organic bearing mudstone |
| Alternative label (en) | Oil shale |
| Definition (en) | Mudstone that contains a significant amount of organic carbon, typically kerogen. Commonly finely laminated, brown or black in color. |
| Source (en) | Neuendorf et al. 2005; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_shale |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_mudstone |
| Related informal terms (en) | tar sand |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Organic rich sediment |
| Definition () | Sediment with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/biogenic_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/peat |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sapropel |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | The broader relation from organic rich sediment to biogenic sediment is based on the inference that organic rich material is always biogenic in origin. Biogenic is a broader category because not all biogenic materials are organic rich, for example shells or phosphatic bone. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Organic rich sedimentary material |
| Definition () | Sedimentary material in which 50 percent or more of the primary sedimentary material is organic carbon. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Organic rich sedimentary rock |
| Definition () | Sedimentary rock with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/coal |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | sapropelic coal, and asphaltite are not differentiated in This vocabulary |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/orthogneiss |
| Preferred label (en) | Orthogneiss |
| Definition (en) | A gneiss with mineralogy and texture indicating derivation from a phaneritic igneous rock protolith. Typically consists of abundant feldspar, with quartz, and variable hornblende, biotite, and muscovite, with a relatively homogeneous character. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gneiss |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/packstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Packstone |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible grain supported depositional texture, containing greater than 10 percent grains, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin; intergranular spaces are filled by matrix. |
| Source () | Hallsworth & Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Note that this category overlaps with 'carbonate mudstone'. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/paragneiss |
| Preferred label (en) | Paragneiss |
| Definition (en) | A gneiss with mineralogy and texture indicating derivation from a sedimentary rock protolith. Typically consists of abundant quartz, mica, or calcsilicate minerals; aluminosilicate minerals or garnet commonly present. Composition of rock tends to be more variable on a decimetric scale that in orthogneiss. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gneiss |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/peat |
| Preferred label (en) | Peat |
| Definition () | Unconsolidated organic-rich sediment composed of at least 50 percent semi-carbonised plant remains; individual remains commonly seen with unaided eye; yellowish brown to brownish black; generally fibrous texture; can be plastic or friable. In its natural state it can be readily cut and has a very high moisture content, generally greater than 90 percent. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is less than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.) |
| Source () | Hallsworth & Knox 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pebble_gravel_size_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Pebble gravel size sediment |
| Definition () | Sediment containing greater than 30 percent pebble-size particles (2.0 -64 mm in diameter) |
| Source () | Wentworth size scale |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gravel_size_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pegmatite |
| Preferred label (en) | Pegmatite |
| Definition () | Exceptionally coarse grained crystalline rock with interlocking crystals; most grains are 1cm or more diameter; composition is generally that of granite, but the term may refer to the coarse grained facies of any type of igneous rock;usually found as irregular dikes, lenses, or veins associated with plutons or batholiths. |
| Source () | Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/peridotite |
| Preferred label (en) | Peridotite |
| Definition () | Ultramafic rock consisting of more than 40 percent (by volume) olivine with pyroxene and/or amphibole and little or no feldspar. Commonly altered to serpentinite. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite or hornblende peridotite. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ultramafic_igneous_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | dunite |
| Related informal terms (en) | harzburgite |
| Related informal terms (en) | lherzolite |
| Related informal terms (en) | olivinite |
| Related informal terms (en) | wherlite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolilte |
| Preferred label (en) | Phonolite |
| Definition (en) | Phonolitoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is less than 0.1. Rock consists of alkali feldspar, feldspathoid minerals, and mafic minerals. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitoid |
| Related informal terms (en) | peralkaline phonolite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitic_basanite |
| Preferred label (en) | Phonolitic basanite |
| Definition (en) | Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitic_foidite |
| Preferred label (en) | Phonolitic foidite |
| Definition (en) | Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is less than 0.5 |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foiditoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitic_tephrite |
| Preferred label (en) | Phonolitic tephrite |
| Definition (en) | Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Phonolitoid |
| Alternative label (en) | Phonolitic rock |
| Definition (en) | Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 11 and 12, and TAS field Ph. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolilte |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritic_phonolite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phosphate_rich_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Phosphate rich sediment |
| Definition () | Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phosphate_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Notes: | |
| History note (en) | change phosphatic to phosphate rich in v 2010 01 |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phosphate_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Phosphate rich sedimentary material |
| Definition () | Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals. |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phosphate_rich_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phosphorite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phosphorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Phosphorite |
| Definition () | Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals. Most commonly occurs as a bedded primary or reworked secondary marine rock, composed of microcrystalline carbonate fluorapatite in the form of lamina, pellets, oolites and nodules, and skeletal, shell and bone fragments. |
| Source () | Hallsworth&Knox 1999, Jackson 1997 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phosphate_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phyllite |
| Preferred label (en) | Phyllite |
| Definition () | Rock with a well developed, continuous schistosity, an average grain size between 0.1 and 0.5 millimeters, and a silvery sheen on cleavage surfaces. Individual phyllosilicate grains are barely visible with the unaided eye. |
| Source () | IUGS SCMR 2007 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foliated_metamorphic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phyllonite |
| Preferred label (en) | Phyllonite |
| Definition () | Mylonitic rock composed largely of fine-grained mica that imparts a sheen to foliation surfaces; may have flaser lamination, isoclinal folding, and deformed veins, which indicate significant shearing. Macroscopically resembles phyllite, but formed by mechanical degradation of initially coarser rock. |
| Source () | NADM metamorphic rock vocabulary SLTTm1.0; Marshak & Mitra 1988 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mylonitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/porphyry |
| Preferred label (en) | Porphyry |
| Definition () | Igneous rock that contains conspicuous phenocrysts in a finer grained groundmass; groundmass itself may be phaneritic or fine-grained. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Pure calcareous carbonate sediment |
| Alternative label (en) | lime sediment |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_mudstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Pure carbonate mudstone |
| Definition (en) | Mudstone that consists of greater than 90 percent carbonate minerals of intrabasinal orign in the mud fraction, and contains less than 10 percent allochems. The original depositional texture is preserved and fabric is matrix supported. Carbonate mudstone of Dunham (1962) |
| Source () | Dunham 1962 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_mudstone |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_mudstone |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Pure carbonate sediment |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_calcareous_carbonate_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_dolomitic_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Pure carbonate sedimentary rock |
| Definition (en) | Sedimentary rock in which greater than 90 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are carbonate minerals. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolostone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/limestone |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_mudstone |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_dolomitic_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Pure dolomitic sediment |
| Definition (en) | Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dolomitic_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pure_carbonate_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroclastic_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Pyroclastic material |
| Definition () | Fragmental igneous material that consists of more than 75 percent of particles formed by disruption as a direct result of volcanic action. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fragmental_igneous_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroclastic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephra |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroclastic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Pyroclastic rock |
| Definition () | Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75 percent fragments produced as a direct result of eruption or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes autobreccia associated with lava flows and excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes. |
| Source () | based on LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fragmental_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroclastic_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ash_tuff_lapillistone_and_lapilli_tuff |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tuff_breccia_agglomerate_or_pyroclastic_breccia |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroxenite |
| Preferred label (en) | Pyroxenite |
| Definition () | Ultramafic phaneritic igneous rock composed almost entirely of one or more pyroxenes and occasionally biotite, hornblende and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as olivine pyroxenite, olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite and websterite. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ultramafic_igneous_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | clinopyroxenite |
| Related informal terms (en) | orthopyroxenite |
| Related informal terms (en) | websterite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_alkali_feldspar_syenite |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz alkali feldspar syenite |
| Definition (en) | Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 5 to 20 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_syenitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_alkali_feldspar_trachyte |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz alkali feldspar trachyte |
| Definition (en) | Alkali feldspar trachytic rock that contains and between 5 and 20 percent quartz mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_trachytic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_anorthosite |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz anorthosite |
| Definition (en) | Anorthositic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anorthositic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_diorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz diorite |
| Definition (en) | Dioritic rock that contains between 5 to 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*. |
| Source (en) | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/dioritic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_gabbro |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz gabbro |
| Definition (en) | Gabbroic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/gabbroic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_latite |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz latite |
| Definition (en) | Latitic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/latitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_monzodiorite |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz monzodiorite |
| Definition (en) | Monzodioritic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzodioritic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_monzogabbro |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz monzogabbro |
| Definition (en) | Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 9*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzogabbroic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_monzonite |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz monzonite |
| Definition (en) | Monzonitic rock that contains 5-20 percent quartz iin the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzonitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_rich_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz rich igneous rock |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals and contains greater than 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. |
| Source () | Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/acidic_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | quartz-rich granitoid |
| Related informal terms (en) | quartzolite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Occurrence of igneous rocks meeting this criteria seems to be vanishingly rare, thus subdividing the category does not seem warranted for the purposes of This vocabulary. Future usage of the vocabulary may motivate including quatzolite and quartz-rich granitoid in future revisions |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_syenite |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz syenite |
| Definition (en) | Syenitic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_trachyte |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartz trachyte |
| Definition (en) | Trachytic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 7*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartzite |
| Preferred label (en) | Quartzite |
| Definition () | Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than or equal to 75 percent quartz; typically granoblastic texture. |
| Source () | after Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | itacolumite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/residual_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Residual material |
| Definition (en) | Material of composite origin resulting from weathering processes at the Earth’s surface, with genesis dominated by removal of chemical constituents by aqueous leaching. Miinor clastic, chemical, or organic input may also contribute. Consolidation state is not inherent in definition, but typically material is unconsolidated or weakly consolidated. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/material_formed_in_surficial_environment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rhyolite |
| Preferred label (en) | Rhyolite |
| Definition (en) | rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is between 0.1 and 0.65. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rhyolitoid |
| Related informal terms (en) | liparite |
| Related informal terms (en) | rhyodacite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rhyolitoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Rhyolitoid |
| Alternative label (en) | Rhyolitic rock |
| Definition (en) | fine_grained_igneous_rock consisting of quartz and alkali feldspar, with minor plagioclase and biotite, in a microcrystalline, cryptocrystalline or glassy groundmass. Flow texture is common. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2 and 3 or chemically in TAS Field R as rhyolite. QAPF normative definition is based on modal mineralogy thus: less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and ratio of plagioclse to total feldspar is less than 0.65. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/acidic_igneous_rock |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_rhyolite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rhyolite |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Note that technical definition, based on modal mineralogy plotted in a QAPF triangle may be applied qualitatively, based on phenocryst mineralogy when ground mass mineralogy can not be determined optically, or based on CIPW norm. Although TAS categories are defined based on chemical analyses, the correspondence with the QAPF defined categories is generally close enough that QAPF categories are commonly used interchangeably with TAS categories. It is important to note the basis for assignment of fine-grained igneous rocks to a specifice lithology category. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Rock |
| Preferred label (es) | Piedra |
| Definition () | Consolidated aggregate of one or more EarthMaterials, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter, or of solid organic material. Includes mineral aggregates such as granite, shale, marble; glassy matter such as obsidian; and organic material such a coal. Excludes unconsolidated materials. |
| Source () | Jackson, 1997; NADM C1 2004; Neuendorf et al 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/compound_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/aphanite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/composite_genesis_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tuffite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock_gypsum_or_anhydrite |
| Preferred label (en) | Gypsum or anhydrite |
| Definition (en) | Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent gypsum or anhydrite. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/evaporite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock_salt |
| Preferred label (en) | Rock salt |
| Definition (en) | Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent halite. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/evaporite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sand |
| Preferred label (en) | Sand |
| Definition (en) | Clastic sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 mm in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin. |
| Source () | definition of sand from SLTTs 2004 sandy sediment; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sand_size_sediment |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sand_size_sediment |
| Preferred label (en) | Sand size sediment |
| Definition (en) | Sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 mm in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. Composition or genesis of clasts not specified. |
| Source (en) | Neuendorf et al. 2005 ; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.) |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sand |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sapropel |
| Preferred label (en) | Sapropel |
| Definition (en) | Jelly like organic rich sediment composed of plant remains, usually algal. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is greater than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.) |
| Source () | Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sediment |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ooze |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/schist |
| Preferred label (en) | Schist |
| Definition (en) | Foliated phaneritic metamorphic rock with well developed, continuous schistosity, meaning that greater than 50 percent of the rock by volume is mineral grains with a thin tabular, lamellar, or acicular prismatic crystallographic habit that are oriented in a continuous planar or linear fabric. |
| Source () | SLTTm 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foliated_metamorphic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mica_schist |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Sedimentary material |
| Definition (en) | Material formed by accumulation of solid fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice, or material that accumulated by other natural agents such as chemical precipitation from solution or secretion by organisms. Includes both sediment and sedimentary rock. Includes epiclastic deposits. All stated composition criteria are based on the mineral/ compound material (GeoSciML term)/particulate fraction of the material, irrespective of porosity or the pore-fluid. No distinctions are made based on porosity or pore fluid composition (except organic rich sediment in which liquid hydrocarbon content may be considered). |
| Source () | SLTTs 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/compound_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/carbonate_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/chemical_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/organic_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phosphate_rich_sedimentary_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sedimentary_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/serpentinite |
| Preferred label (en) | Serpentinite |
| Definition () | Rock consisting of more than 75 percent serpentine-group minerals, eg. antigorite, chrysotile or lizardite; accessory chlorite, talc and magnetite may be present; derived from hydration of ferromagnesian silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. |
| Source () | Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metamorphic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/shale |
| Preferred label (en) | Shale |
| Definition (en) | Laminated mudstone that will part or break along thin, closely spaced layers parallel to stratification. |
| Source () | NADM SLTT sedimentary, 2004 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Note definition does not specify carbonate vs. siliclastic nature of mud. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/silicate_mud |
| Preferred label (en) | Silicate mud |
| Definition (en) | Mud size sediment that consists of less than 50 percent carbonate minerals. |
| Source (en) | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud_size_sediment |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/siliceous_ooze |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/silicate_mudstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Silicate mudstone |
| Definition (en) | Mudstone that contains less than 10 percent carbonate minerals. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/generic_mudstone |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Operational distinction of this category will typically be based on whether or not the rock fizzes when hydrochloric acid is applied--the rock is silicate mudstone if it does not fizz. The quantitative '10 percent' criteria is fuzzy. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/siliceous_ooze |
| Preferred label (en) | Siliceous ooze |
| Definition (en) | ooze that consists of more than 50 percent siliceous skeletal remains |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/non_clastic_siliceous_sediment |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ooze |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/silicate_mud |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/silt |
| Preferred label (en) | Silt |
| Alternative label (en) | loess |
| Definition (en) | Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent silt-size grains. |
| Source () | based on SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/mud |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/siltstone |
| Preferred label (en) | Siltstone |
| Alternative label (en) | Silt bearing mudstone |
| Definition (en) | Mudstone that contains detectable silt. (see comments) |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_mudstone |
| Related informal terms (en) | siltstone |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Use of 'dectable silt' in the criteria for this category is based on the observation that in practice, distinction of claystone from 'siltstone' is typically based on a qualitative assessment of 'grittiness' (e.g. rubbing with fingers, or chewing); the property that these tests can determine is the presence or absence of silty particles in the material. Quantitative grain size analysis in the the clay/silt fraction of a lithified sediment is difficult at best, and of questionable significance because diagensis has altered the size and mineralogy of original sedimentary particles. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/skarn |
| Preferred label (en) | Skarn |
| Alternative label (en) | Exoskarn |
| Alternative label (en) | Tactite |
| Definition (en) | Metasomatic rock consisting mainly of Ca-, Mg-, Fe-, or Mn-silicate minerals, which are free from or poor in water. Typically formed at the contact between a silicate rock or magma and a carbonate rock. |
| Source (en) | Fettes and Desmons, 2007, p195 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metasomatic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/slate |
| Preferred label (en) | Slate |
| Definition () | Compact, fine grained rock with an average grain size less than 0.032 millimeter and a well developed schistosity (slaty cleavage), and hence can be split into slabs or thin plates. |
| Source () | NADM metamorphic rock vocabulary SLTTm1.0; Neuendorf et al. 2005 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foliated_metamorphic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/spilite |
| Preferred label (en) | Spilite |
| Definition (en) | Altered basic to intermediate composition fine-grained igneous rock in which the feldspar is partially or completely composed of of albite, typically accompanied by chlorite, calcite, quartz, epidote, prehnite, and low-tempaerature hydrous crystallization products. Preservation of eruptive volcanic features is typical. |
| Source (en) | Fettes and Desmon, 2007; Best, M.G., 1982, Igneous and metamorphic petrology: New York, W.H. Freeman and Company, p. 398; Neuendorf et al. 2005, p. 619. |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/metasomatic_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | meta-andesite |
| Related informal terms (en) | metabasalt |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenite |
| Preferred label (en) | Syenite |
| Definition (en) | Syenitic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenitic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Syenitic rock |
| Definition (en) | Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. Includes rocks in QAPF fields 7, 7*, and 7'. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenitoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_syenite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_syenite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenitoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Syenitoid |
| Definition (en) | Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting mainly of alkali feldspar and plagioclase; minor quartz or nepheline may be present, along with pyroxene, amphibole or biotite. Ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.65, quartz forms less than 20 percent of QAPF fraction, and feldspathoid minerals form less than 10 percent of QAPF fraction. Includes rocks classified in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 and their subdivisions. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phaneritic_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_syenitic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/monzonitic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenitic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/syenogranite |
| Preferred label (en) | Syenogranite |
| Definition (en) | Granite that has a plagiolcase to total feldspar ratio between 0.10 and 0.35. QAPF field 3a. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephra |
| Preferred label (en) | Tephra |
| Definition () | Unconsolidated pyroclastic material in which greater than 75 percent of the fragments are deposited as a direct result of volcanic processes and the deposit has not been reworked by epiclastic processes. Includes ash, lapilli tephra, bomb tephra, block tephra and unconsolidated agglomerate. |
| Source () | Hallsworth & Knox 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/natural_unconsolidated_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroclastic_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ash_and_lapilli |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ash_breccia_bomb_or_block_tephra |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephrite |
| Preferred label (en) | Tephrite |
| Definition (en) | Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritic_foidite |
| Preferred label (en) | Tephritic foidite |
| Definition (en) | Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is greater than 0.5, with less than 10 percent normative olivine |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foiditoid |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritic_phonolite |
| Preferred label (en) | Tephritic phonolite |
| Definition (en) | Phonolitoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.5. Broadly corresponds to TAS tephriphonolite of TAS field U3. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitoid |
| Related informal terms (en) | tephriphonolite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephritoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Tephritoid |
| Alternative label (en) | Tephritic rock |
| Definition (en) | Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.5. Includes rocks classified in QAPF field 13 and 14 or chemically in TAS field U1 as basanite or tephrite. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basanite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitic_basanite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/phonolitic_tephrite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tephrite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tholeiitic_basalt |
| Preferred label (en) | Tholeiitic basalt |
| Definition (en) | Tholeiitic basalt is defined here to contain 2 pyroxene phases and interstitial quartz or tridymite or cristobalite in the groundmass. Pyroxene (augite and orthopyroxene or pigeonite) and calcium-rich plagioclase are common phenocryst minerals. Olivine may also be a phenocryst, and when present, may have rims of pigeonite. Only in tholeiitic basalt is olivine in reaction relationship with melt. Interstitial siliceous residue may be present, and is often glassy. Tholeiitic basalt is relatively poor in sodium. This category includes most basalts of the ocean floor, most large oceanic islands, and continental flood basalts such as the Columbia River Plateau. |
| Source (en) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt; Carmichael, I.S. Turner, F.J., Verhoogen, John, 1974, Igneous petrology: New York, McGraw HIll Book Co., p.42-43. |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/basalt |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | definition of tholeiite and alkali basalt here are more proscriptive than those found in most reference authorities. This is to actually provide some descriptive criteria to allow assignment of rocks on a hand sample basis to the tholeiite or alkali basalt categories if detailed petrographic or chemical data are available. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tonalite |
| Preferred label (en) | Tonalite |
| Definition () | Granitoid consisting of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 5; ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.9. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/granitoid |
| Related informal terms (en) | plagiogranite |
| Related informal terms (en) | trondhjemite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachyte |
| Preferred label (en) | Trachyte |
| Definition (en) | Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35, between 0 and 5 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and no feldspathoid minerals. QAPF field 7. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytic_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Trachytic rock |
| Definition (en) | Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. QAPF fields 7, 7', and 7*. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytoid |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/foid_bearing_trachyte |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/quartz_trachyte |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachyte |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | LeMaitre et al. (2002) used 'trachyte' to refer to QAPF fields 7, 7', and 7* in the text (p. 30) as well as to the more restrictive category (QAPF field 7 only). The term Trachytic rock is introduced here to label this more general category of trachyte. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytoid |
| Preferred label (en) | Trachytoid |
| Definition (en) | Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.65. Mafic minerals typically include amphibole or mica; typically porphyritic. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 (with subdivisions) or chemically in TAS Field T as trachyte or latite. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fine_grained_igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/alkali_feldspar_trachytic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/latitic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/trachytic_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | basaltic-trachyandesite |
| Related informal terms (en) | benmoreite |
| Related informal terms (en) | hawaiite |
| Related informal terms (en) | mugearite |
| Related informal terms (en) | potassic-trachybasalt |
| Related informal terms (en) | shoshonite |
| Related informal terms (en) | trachyandesite |
| Related informal terms (en) | trachybasalt |
| Related informal terms (en) | trachydacite |
| Related informal terms (en) | trachyte(TAS) |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/travertine |
| Preferred label (en) | Travertine |
| Definition (en) | Biotically or abiotically precipitated calcium carbonate, from spring-fed, heated, or ambient-temperature water. May be white and spongy, various shades of orange, tan or gray, and ranges to dense, banded or laminated rock. Macrophytes, bryophytes, algae, cyanobacteria and other organisms often colonize the surface of travertine and may be preserved, to produce the porous varieties. |
| Source () | Neuendorf et al. 2005; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertine; Chafetz, H.S., and Folk, R.L., 1984, Travertine: Depositional morphology an dthe bacterially constructed constituents: J. Sed. Petrology, v. 126, p.57-74. |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/chemical_sedimentary_material |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/limestone |
| Related informal terms (en) | calcareous sinter |
| Related informal terms (en) | onyx marble |
| Related informal terms (en) | tufa |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tuff_breccia_agglomerate_or_pyroclastic_breccia |
| Preferred label (en) | Tuff-breccia, agglomerate, or pyroclastic breccia |
| Definition () | Pyroclastic rock in which greater than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia of Gillespie and Styles (1999) |
| Source () | Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroclastic_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/tuffite |
| Preferred label (de) | Tuffit |
| Preferred label (en) | Tuffite |
| Definition (en) | Rock consists of more than 50 percent particles of indeterminate pyroclastic or epiclastic origin and less than 75 percent particles of clearly pyroclastic origin. Commonly the rock is laminated or exhibits size grading. (based on LeMaitre et al. 2002; Murawski and Meyer 1998). |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002; Murawski and Meyer 1998 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sedimentary_rock |
| Related | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/fragmental_igneous_rock |
| Related informal terms (en) | Volcaniclastic sedimentary rock |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | 50 percent cutoff with epiclastic rock is in contrast with LeMaitre et al., but is used for consistentency with other sedimentary rock categories following the pattern that the rock name reflects the predominant constituent. |
| Comment (en) | In practice, it is likely that any rock for which there is suspicion that it may consist of redeposited pyroclastic material, usually based on sedimentary structures, irrespective of the presence or percentage of clearly epiclastic particles, would be called a tuffite. |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ultrabasic_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Ultrabasic igneous rock |
| Definition () | Igneous rock with less than 45 percent SiO2. |
| Source () | after LeMaitre et al. 2002 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/ultramafic_igneous_rock |
| Preferred label (en) | Ultramafic igneous rock |
| Definition (en) | Igneous rock that consists of greater than 90 percent mafic minerals. |
| Source () | LeMaitre et al. 2002; Gillespie and Styles 1999 |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/igneous_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/hornblendite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/komatiitic_rock |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/peridotite |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/pyroxenite |
| Related informal terms (en) | Alkremite |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/unconsolidated_material |
| Preferred label (en) | Unconsolidated material |
| Definition () | CompoundMaterial composed of an aggregation of particles that do not adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid in its own right. |
| Source () | This vocabulary |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/compound_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/anthropogenic_unconsolidated_material |
| Narrower | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/natural_unconsolidated_material |
| Notes: |
| URI | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/wacke |
| Preferred label (en) | Wacke |
| Definition (en) | Clastic sandstone with more than 10 percent matrix of indeterminate detrital or diagenetic nature. Matrix is mud size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products). |
| Source (en) | Pettijohn, Potter, Siever, 1972, Sand and Sandstone: New York, Springer Verlag, 681 p. |
| Relationships: | |
| Broader | http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/clastic_sandstone |
| Related informal terms (en) | graywacke |
| Notes: | |
| Comment (en) | Distinction from mudstone is based on inference that less that 50 percent of the mud size fraction (matrix) is original mud size detrital particles. May also grade into diamictite or conglomerate based on size distribution of discernible particles. If more than 50 percent of rock is detrital particles of intrabasinal orgin and carbonate composition, categorize as carbonate wackestone. |
| Comment (en) | See Dickinson (1970) for discussion of interpretation of undiscernible matrix in diagenetically altered lithic clastic rocks. Dickinson, W.R., 1970, Interpreting detrital modes of graywacke and arkose: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 40, p. 695-707. |
| Comment (en) | Suggested boundaries between wacke and arenite range from 5 to 15 percent matrix |
| Comment (en) | Term is typically applied to diagenetically altered volcanic-lithic clastic rocks in which the definition of the original clasts has been obscured. |