URI,prefLabel,Definition,Source
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/accidental_pyroclastic_fragment,Accidental pyroclastic fragment,"Fragment of rock generated by disruption as a direct result of volcanic action but not formed by previous activity of the magmatic system, generally derived from subvolcanic basement.",Gillespie and Styles 1999
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/aggregate_non-clastic_particle,Aggregate non-clastic particle,"Generic term for a non-clastic particle that is itself composed of an aggregation of particles,",this vocabulary
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/amygdule,Amygdule,"Cavity filled with secondary minerals, denotes that cavities are filled vesicles, thus restricted to volcanic rock.",based on Neuendorf et al 2005
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/autoclast,Autoclast,"Fragments of extrusive igneous rock formed by mechanical friction of moving lava flow, breakage of chilled lava flow rinds, or gravity crumbling of active spines and domes. Gillespie and Styles (1999) include as type of juvenile pyroclastic fragment, inconsistent with definition of pyroclastic by IUGS and BGS.","Gillespie and Styles, 1999"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/axiolite,Axiolite,Elongate to irregular lense with radial aggregates of acicular and fibrous mineral coalescing along a central axis.,"Williams, Turner, Gilbert 1954"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/bioclast,Bioclast,"Granular sedimentary particle that is a \fragmentary piece of a shell, bone, or other hard skeletal structure of an animal, plant, or protozoan. May be fossilized or non-fossilized\. Use in situations where fossil organism can not be identified, thus 'material fossil' is inappropriate.",NADM SLTTs 2004
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/biogenic_particle,Biogenic particle,"A type of granular particle formed by the physiological activities of organisms (plants, animals, protozoa) that produce body parts which subsequently are incorporated into a sediment aggregate. Contrast with nonbiogenic particle. Includes biogenic objects that are whole or fragmentary (bioclasts), can be fossilized or non-fossilized",NADM SLTTs 2004
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/bleb,Bleb,Generic term for a small rounded particle of uncertain origin,this vocabulary
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/cavity,Cavity,"Constituent is empty space between particles in a compound material, generally filled with some sort of fluid. Cavity particle types can be used to describe porosity in a granular material.",this vocabulary
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/coated_particle,Coated particle,"A general term for a grain that has coats or layers of foreign material, usually fine mud-sized and occasionally recrystallized, that form concentric or overlapping shells around a core of rock, shell, peloidal, or intraclastic material. (eg: oolith, pisolith)",NADM SLTTs 2004
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/cognate_fragments,Cognate fragments,Pyroclast consisting of rock which formed during earlier (related) volcanic activity that have been ejected with other pyroclastic debris during a later eruption.,"Base on Gillespie and Styles, 1999"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/concretionary_particle,Concretionary particle,"A hard, compact mass or aggregate of mineral matter, normally subsperical but commonly oblate, disc-shaped or irregular. Formed by precipitation of mineral from solution in the pores of a granular rock, localized around a nucleus or center, to define a discrete, sharply separated object. Size ranges from cm to meters. Particle geometry description for concretion describes the concretion size and shape, not the size and shape of particles forming the concretion.","Neuendorf et al, 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/coprolite,Coprolite,The fossilised excrement of vertebrate animals,"Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/crystal_fragment,Crystal fragment,A fragment of a crystal interpreted to have been broken by pyroclastic processes.,this vocabulary
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/crystalline_grain,Crystalline grain,"Constituent that is the product of crystallization during formation of a compound Earth material (see NADMC1 2004). Serves to distinguish crystalline from granular rocks (Struik, 2002). Includes constituents crystallized in evaporite environments, during diagenesis or hydrothermal alteration, or in other low-temperature environments.","Struik, 2002, NADM SLTTs 2004"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/crystallite,Crystallite,"Constitutent occurs as minute, spherical, rod, or hair-like forms. Typically appear isotropic in thin section.","Williams, Turner, Gilbert 1954"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/epiclast,Epiclast,"An individual constituent, grain or fragment of a sediment or rock, produced by erosion of a larger rock mass. Particle whose origin as a fragment is a result of surface (sedimentary, weathering...) processes. 'Crystals, crystal fragments, glass and rock fragments that have been liberated from any type of pre-existing consolidated rock (volcanic or non-volcanic) by weathering or erosion and transported from the site of origin by gravity, air, water, or ice' [Schmid, 1981]. Distinguished from intraclast in that epiclast is derived from a pre-existing rock from outside the basin of deposition (NADM SLTTs 2004) before introduction into a CompoundMaterial (sense of NADMC1, 2004).",Schmid 1981
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/fecal_pellet,Fecal pellet,"an organic excrement, mainly of invertebrates, occuring especially in modern marine sediments but also fossilised in some sedimentary rocks, usually with simple ovoid form, less commonly rod-shaped.","Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/fenestra,Fenestra,"Primary or penecontemporaneous gap or cavity in the framework of a sedimentary rock, larger than grain-supported intersticies. May be open space or have partial to complete fill with secondary cement or introduced sediment.",based on Neuendorf et al 2005
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/fiamme,Fiamme,"Lens-shaped bodies, usually mm to cm thick, and centimeters to 1-2 decimeters long, typically seen on surfaces of some pyroclastic rocks. The name fiamme comes from the Italian word for flames, describing their shape. The term is descriptive and non-genetic.Generally interpreted to form by the collapse of pumice fragments during welding in a hot pyroclastic deposit.","Neuendorf et al 2005, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiamme"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/fluid_inclusion,Fluid inclusion,"A cavity within a crystal containing liquid and/or gas, formed by the entrapment in crystal irregularities of fluid, commonly that from which the mineral crystallised.","Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/fluidal_pyroclast,Fluidal pyroclast,"Pyroclast that has a a rounded, fluidal shape indicating that it was in a wholly or partly molten state during formation and subsequent transport. Concept corresponds to bomb, but with no size denotation.","Base on Gillespie and Styles, 1999"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/glomerocryst,Glomerocryst,An aggregate of crystals of the same mineral,"Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/granular_particle,Granular particle,"Solid constituent in a compound earth material (sense of NADMC1) that is a pre-existing object before incorporation into a particulate aggregate. \...a component of solid material that has the form of grains, clasts, fragments, or whole objects of any size, shape, composition, texture, and structure.\ (NADMSC SLTTs, 2004)",NADM SLTTs 2004
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/holoblast,Holoblast,A crystalline grain in a metamorphic rock that is newly and completely formed during metamorphism,"Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/hydroclast,Hydroclast,"Juvenile pyroclastic fragment formed by magma-water interaction during subaqueous or subglacial extrusion, typically consist of chilled glass.",Gillespie and Styles 1999
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/hydrothermal_vein,Hydrothermal vein,"a tabular or sheet-like part of a compound material formed by hydrothermal (or other metasomatic) mineral filling a fracture, may be associated with replacement of the host rock adjacent to the body","Neuendorf et al 2005, this vocabulary"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/igneous_inclusion,Igneous inclusion,"Aggregate non-clastic particle that are of igneous origin. Particle types for compound material are restricted to inclusions that are typically of a size consistent with hand-sample description to characterize a kind of rock or a rock sample, larger inclusion types are included in the GeologicUnitPart role vocabulary.",this vocabulary
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/igneous_vein,Igneous vein,a tabular or sheet like part of a compound material formed by the intrusion of magma,this vocabulary
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/intraclast,Intraclast,"A broad, general term introduced by Folk (1959, p. 4) for a component of limestone, representing a torn-up and re-worked fragment of a penecontemporaneous sediment (usually weakly consolidated) that has been eroded within the basin of deposition...and re-deposited there...The fragment may range in size from fine sand to gravel...","NADM SLTTs 2004, Neuendorf et al., 2005, Folk, 1959"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/intrusive_sheet,Intrusive sheet,"a tabular or sheet-like part of a compound material, genetic origin not specified",this vocabulary
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/juvenile_pyroclastic_fragment,Juvenile pyroclastic fragment,Fragment formed directly from cooling magma during transport prior to primary deposition.,Gillespie and Styles 1999
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/lithic_clast,Lithic clast,"A clast derived by erosion from older, pre-existing rock materials of any kind, usually beyond the basin of accumulation but occasionally from within the basin of deposition (as from a submarine or subaqueous exposure adjacent to a depositional site). A clast that is identified as a piece of rock.",this vocabulary
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/lithoclast,Lithoclast,"A mechanically formed and deposited fragment of a carbonate rock...derived from an older, lithified limestone or dolomite within, adjacent to, or outside the depositional site","Neuendorf et al., 2005, p. 375"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/lithophysae,Lithophysae,"Bubble-like cavity with concentric shells of finely crystalline minerals, open space remains in core of structure. Radiating fibrous structure may be present in secondary mineral fill. Typically in silicic volcanic rock.",Neuendorf et al 2005
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/material_fossil,Material fossil,"The preserved remains or replaced remains (casts) of plants and animals. A fossil type may have one or more described associated organisms. If particle type is materialFossil, an additional type property element may provide a reference to a Paleontologic description of the fossil.",GeoSciML v2 RC1 model element scope note
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/miarolitic_cavity,Miarolitic cavity,An irregular cavity in a phaneritic igneous rock into which small crystals of the rock-forming minerals protrude.,Neuendorf et al 2005
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/microlite,Microlite,Constituent occurs as minute incipient crystals that display some birefringence in thin section.,"Williams, Turner, Gilbert 1954"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/mineral_clast,Mineral clast,An epiclast that is composed of a single mineral.,NADM SLTTs 2004
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/nodule,Nodule,"An irregularly rounded mass of a mineral or mineral aggregate normally having a warty or knobby surface and no internal sructure, usually with a contrasting composition from the enclosing sediment or rock matrix in which it is embedded, and that can be separated as a discrete mass from the host material. Igneous nodules should be classified as 'Igneous inclusions'.","Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/oncoid,Oncoid,"A '...coated grain with a cortex of irregular, partially overlapping laminae. They are typically irregular in shape and may exhibit biogenic structures. Some forms lack a distinct nucleus. Oncoids are generally larger than 2 mm.' (Hallsworth and Knox, 1999, p. 27). Synonymous with oncolite: A small, variously shaped, concentrically laminated, calcareous sedimentary structure, resembling an oolith, and formed by the accretion of successive layer[s]... It...generally does not exceed 10 cm in dimension. (Jackson, 1997, p. 446).","Jackson 1997, Hallsworth and Knox 1999"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/ooid,Ooid,"A general, nongenetic term for a particle that resembles an oolith in outer appearance and size- (Jackson, 1997, p. 447). Hallsworth and Knox (1999, p. 27) describe ooids as coated grains that typically are spherical or ellipsoidal in shape, with the degree of roundness increasing outward. Concentric to semi-concentric coats are smoothly and evenly laminated. A nucleus usually is present, and may have a composition different from the coatings. Biogenic structures are not obvious. NADMSC SLTTs (2004) considers synomous with oolith.","Jackson1997, Hallsworth and Knox 1999"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/orb,Orb,"igneous constituent typically mafic, equant rounded spheroid with concentric mineralogic banding",this vocabulary
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/paleoblast,Paleoblast,"A crystal or remnant of a crystal that is older than other mineral grains in the rock, especially in metamorphic rocks",Neuendorf et al. 2005
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/paramorph,Paramorph,a pseudomorph with the same composition as the original crystal (eg: calcite after aragonite),"Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/peloid,Peloid,"a usually rounded aggregate of clay-sized calcareous (micritic) material, origin and size is not specified","Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/pisoid,Pisoid,"A round or ellipsoidal accretionary body resembling a pea in size and shape.... A pisoid...is larger and less regular in form than an ooid, although it may have the same concentric and/or radial internal structure (Jackson, 1997, p. 489).","NADM SLTTs 2004, Jackson 1997"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/pore_space,Pore space,Open space between particles in a granular aggregate,"Neuendorf et al 2005, this vocabulary"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/pseudomorph,Pseudomorph,"Constituent particle that has the outward form of a mineral species or particle type, but the original minerals composing the particle have been altered or replaced by different minerals, a secondary mineral whose outward crystal form has been inherited from the orignal mineral it has replaced","Neuendorf et al. 2005, Spry 1969, Fettes and Desmons, 2007"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/pyroclast,Pyroclast,"An individual particle ejected during a volcanic eruption. (Jackson, 1997, p. 521). Clast whose origin is a direct result of volcanic process (excludes fragments in lava autobreccia) and has not been reworked by sedimentary processes (Gillespie and Styles 1999).","NADM SLTTs 2004, Jackson, 1997, Gillespie and Styles 1999"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/reworked_pyroclastic_fragment,Reworked pyroclastic fragment,Fragment formed as a direct result of volcanic activity and reworked by sedimentary processes.,Gillespie and Styles 1999
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/schlieren,Schlieren,"a tabular body, generally a few cm to a few metres long, within a plutonic rockhaving different mineral proportions and colour to the surrounding rock",GGIPAC
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/shard,Shard,"a vitric fragment in pyroclastic rocks, often with a characteristically curved surface of fracture. Shards generally consist of bubble-wall fragments produced by disintegration of pumice during or after an eruption",GGIPAC
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/solid_constituent_particle,Solid constituent particle,"Particle is defined as a \General term, used without restriction as to shape composition or internal structure, for a separable or distinct unit in a [compound material].\ (Neuendorf et al, 2005). Unclassified solid constituent in a compound material. Note that the term particle has no size denotation as used here.",Neuendorf et al 2005
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/spherule,Spherule,"a rounded or spherical mass of acicular or fibrous mineral, generally in glassy siliceous lava.","Williams, Turner, Gilbert 1954"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/syngenetic_nodule,Syngenetic nodule,"Particle formed by chemical precipitation at sediment-water interface, lacking layered structure that characterizes coated grains. Includes glauconite grains, manganese nodules, phosphate grains. Manganese nodule--\An irregular, black to brown, friable","NADM SLTTs 2004, Jackson 1997"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/syngenetic_particle,Syngenetic particle,"A type of nonbiogenic particle formed by in situ or intrabasinal physical-chemical-mechanical processes without the direct biochemical activity of organisms, penecontemporaneously with sediment accumulation or during diagenetic modification.",NADM SLTTs 2004
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/variole,Variole,"Spherulitic cluster of crystals in mafic rock, usually consists of divergent plagioclase fibers, with or without interstitial glass, or intergrown with granules of pyroxene, olivine or iron ore. (equivalent to Spherule, but in mafic rock)","Williams, Turner, Gilbert 1954"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/ventrifact,Ventrifact,"A granular particle that has been shaped, worn, faceted, cut or polished by the action of windblown sand.","Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/vesicle,Vesicle,Cavity in volcanic rock formed by trapped gas. Use amygdule if filled with secondary mineral.,Neuendorf et al 2005
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/vug,Vug,"Irregular cavity in rock, generic term with no connotation of origin of cavity. May be lined with crystals of different mineral compostion to the host rock",Neuendorf et al 2005
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/particletype/xenocryst,Xenocryst,"A crystal that resembles a phenocryst in an igneous rock, but that is foreign to the rock in which it occurs","Neuendorf et al., 2005"
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifierscheme/cgi/201202/particletype,CGI Particle Type Categories,"This file contains the CGI Particle type vocabulary. Used to specify particleType in particleTypeDescription associated with a CompoundMaterial. Terms to specify the nature of individual particles of each constituent in an aggregation, based mostly on their genesis. Because the constituents are identifiable parts, the part units must have some definition. Examples include clasts, crystals, pore space, material fossil. Constituent type is determined based on the nature of the particles, and ideally is independent of the relationship between particles in a compound material aggregation.@en ., skos:changeNote 2009-12-07 SMR Update metadata properties for version, creator, title, and format.  Change skos:HistoryNote to  for information on origin of terms and definitions.",